Chronic toxicity

changes to the respiratory system of a smoker. One extremely widespread change is Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). The World Health Organisation (2010) define COPD as, “…a lung disease characterized by chronic obstruction of lung airflow that interferes with normal breathing and is not fully reversible.” COPD as a lung disease encompasses pathological changes such as Chronic Bronchitis and Emphysema. Chronic Bronchitis is long term inflammation of the main bronchi, which…

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a progressive disease process that includes emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and in some cases asthma. COPD is the sixth leading cause of death in the United States (Reid, 2014). This disease is a public health problem that is not only preventable but treatable. It is important to know about the illness, symptoms, standard inhaled medication and explore a newer long-acting muscarinic antagonist bronchodilator as Global initiative for Chronic…

Johnson are asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema. Data that supports the diagnosis of asthma for Mr. Johnson are shortness of air especially upon exertion (“can’t keep up during walk”), respiratory wheezes, productive white sputum, tachycardia, decreased force expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), which is 56% as listed in the case study. Supporting data for chronic bronchitis are that Ms. Johnson has risk factor of extensive history of tobacco smoking, works as a cook, chronic smoker’s…

Keith Orton is a 61-year-old male in Bolton, United Kingdom who was diagnosed with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in 1998 after smoking an estimated 300,000 cigarettes.1 After an estimated 65 pack-years exposure to tobacco, Mr. Orton was hooked up to an oxygen machine and struggled with daily chores.1 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is a collective group of lung diseases that cause respiratory insufficiency and inhibits breathing.2 Due to the common associated symptoms of…

Introduction Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affects 210 million people worldwide, and kills more than 4 million people every (Sinha, Singla, & Chowdhury, 2017, p1). COPD, which includes bronchitis and emphysema, is characterized by shortness of breath, along with cough and sputum production. The disease slowly and progressively, restricts airflow to the lungs, considerably decreasing quality of life. It is the fourth most common cause of death in the world (Dobrowolska, 2014), p1)…

The Pleural Cavity is a very important cavity in the body, simply because it consists of how a person breathes. It includes an intrapulmonary pressure, atmospheric pressure and airflow within the lungs. “Intrapulmonary pressure is the pressure within the lungs, atmospheric pressure is the pressure used in all directions at any given point by the weight of the atmosphere and air flow is simply the motion of air. Intrapulmonary pressure and atmospheric pressure are usually measured in units of…

First, what is Asthma? Asthma is a chronic long-term respiratory condition that causes spasms in the bronchi of the lungs causing difficulty breathing. This occurs when a person’s airways become inflamed, narrow, and swell, that produce more mucous and makes it harder to breathe. Asthma causes wheezing, chest tightening, shortness of breath, and coughing. There’s no certain age limit that get asthma, but it usually happens during childhood and continue to stay with you throughout life. There…

What is COPD? COPD(Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)is a combination of multiple diseases involving the respiratory system. Outside of the disease, the Respiratory System should be allowed to perform ventilation, the physical process of breathing, breath involuntarily, and perform the process of respiration. A normal human would be able to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide without a problem. JMB How Is COPD caused? One of the main causes of COPD is secondhand smoke,…

seventeen (Asthma Data 2015). It is the reason for 13.8 million missed school days every year (Asthma Data 2015). Children are not the only ones affected by asthma (Krames 2010). Adults also have symptoms of this disease (Krames 2010). Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease caused by inflammation of the airways (Crane 2016). While the disease can not be cured, the symptoms can be controlled (Crane 2016). There are a wide variety of symptoms associated with asthma (Asthma 2016). Symptoms…

COPD is a disease characterized by chronic airflow limitation that is not fully reversible. The airflow limitation in COPD is usually progressive and is associated with an inflammatory response of the lungs (Haggerty, 2013). The pathological changes that indicate COPD include an increase in mucus producing cells, chronic inflammation in different parts of the lung, and structural changes that result from a persistent cycle of destruction and repair. Many parts of the lungs are affected,…