Chromosomes

height ratio; in procedure 17.3 codominance will be observed in human blood, and the blood types of unknown samples will be determined. In procedure 17.4, Rh positive and Rh negative will be tested for in blood samples. A unit of heredity on a chromosome is called a gene. Mendel’s particulate theory states that offspring have characteristics inherited from their parents by genes that are passed from parent to offspring. The offspring receives one gene from each parent (Law of Segregation).…

information is contained in the nucleus, coiled to make chromosomes – 23 pairs in total. Each chromosome codes for a specific trait, and contains genes – the code for proteins. Chromosomes consist of two sister chromatids joint by a centromere, with the regions above the centromere called the ‘p’ arms and the region below called the ‘q’ arms (see figure 1). 22q11 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) refers to the deletion of a section of the q arm of the 22nd chromosome at position 11. (NHS, 2015)…

Chromatin, chromatids, and chromosomes have different transformations in terms of mitosis and meiosis. Chromatin in Meiosis and Mitosis are shown differently in Interphase. In Mitosis, the chromatin is made up of DNA and proteins. The DNA coils around the protein and that structure is called a nucleosome. Each chromatid in Mitosis is made up of many strings of the DNA and proteins (nucleosomes) to form a half X. The chromosome is made up of two of the chromatids (DNA and proteins-nucleosomes)…

with it. First you need to have an understanding of what Down syndrome is. There are three types of Down syndrome and each one is a little bit different from the other. The first one is the most common type and that’s trisomy 21. This is when chromosome 21 has three copies instead of two. This happens because there is an error is cell division. The second type is…

the “reduction division” because the homologous chromosomes, chromosomes that are identical, are separated into two different cells. These two new cells are referred to as haploid because they only contain one copy of each chromosome (1n). Meiosis I differs most from mitosis because more chromosomes are involved during this process. During Prophase I, everything that normally happens in Prophase still occurs, but in Meiosis, the homologous chromosomes must be paired up and then crossed over into…

development and learning capabilities. They are often victims to respiratory diseases, early Alzheimer’s, leukemia, vision problems, and hearing defects. This mutation is caused by the mother’s age or the result of nondisjunction in father’s chromosome 21(extra copy of chromosome 21). Patau syndrome - Patau syndrome causes serious defects to the eye, brain, circulatory functions, and spine. It can also cause extra fingers, extra toes, weak muscles, cleft palates, and cleft lips. The ratio of…

XYY syndrome also known as Jacob’s Syndrome or XYY Karyotype, is rare genetic disease that affects males. XYY syndrome is a mistake that happens when “the two y chromosomes fail to separate when sperm cells are formed” (www.rarechromo.org) This is caused by having an extra “y” chromosome which gives the males forty-seven chromosomes instead of forty-six. XYY is not strictly inherited through a sex. Though it does come from the father, the father doesn’t have to have XYY syndrome in order for…

abnormality (Dictionary, 2016). Down’s syndrome is caused by an extra chromosome 21 in the genome in an individual. The extra chromosome causes moderate intellectual disability. The extra chromosome can also result in an error in cell division. The error is usually prior to fertilization but for some reason nobody understands what causes theses errors. People with Down’s syndrome have 50% more genetic material on the 21st chromosome than people who do not have Down’s syndrome (Jerome Lejeune…

For instance, there are two types of chromosomes: autosomal and sex chromosomes. Sex-linkage behaves differently from autosomal chromosomes since males tend to have more impacts. In addition, crossing over can also happens between homologous chromosome; however, the frequency of having recombinant of two genes varies depending the gene loci. Crossing over can happens to any chromosome except for the male fruit fly sex chromosome due to unknown reason. Recombinant frequency uses to…

distinct phases which prepare the cell for separation as well as an additional phase where the cell can exit the cell cycle. The G1 phase is the first phase in which the cell commits to divide and grows in preparation. The S phase replicates each chromosome to create pairs of sister chromatids. The G2 phase synthesizes proteins in preparation of cell division in the M phase. The last phase of the cycle consists of 4 sub phases which the sister chromatids are separated and enclosed in a nuclear…