Chromium

certain amount of land; we cannot just make new land, or get new fresh water. Once the land is desecrate there is no going back. Richard Rinaldi, an editor-in-chief for the Widener Law Journal, writes that, “Fracking wastewater contains hexavalent chromium and radium, among other toxins that can contaminate water supplies, injure people, and kill livestock” (Rinaldi). The cleanup would be extremely hard to accomplish. Joe Hoffman, a science teacher at Montana State University, states…

[2] They contain many hazardous, if not radioactive, materials such as: Mercury (found in batteries), lead, chromium, barium, and other heavy metals (found in cathode ray tubes in TVs and monitors) which cause renal toxicity and in some cases mental retardation. On the other hand, cell phones contain large amounts of gold and silver; it is estimated that America…

(Factbook, 2010). With an estimated population of just more than 100 million people, The Philippines is very diverse in ethnic groups, languages and religions. The nation is also very rich in natural resources to include major deposits of copper, chromium, gold as well as producing over 10% of the world’s nickel (Philippines, 2011). Since the time that the country came under Spanish influence in 1521, following Ferdinand Magellan’s claim on the islands (Ibis Communications, 2001), there have…

Rare earths are very significant when it comes to the development and use of technical equipment as they can be very important to the performance of the unit. An example of an everyday piece of technology that uses rare earths is the IPhone. Apple has said that the IPhone uses eight rare earths, from everything from the colored screen, to speakers, to the miniature circuits inside the phone. Although the amount of rare earths in the phone is very little, the demand for rare earths will continue…

When chromium is doped in cobalt ferrites, a partial replacement of Fe3+ ions by Cr3+ ions take place in octahedral (B) site because, Cr ions have strong octahedral site preference. As a consequence, the substitution of Cr in Cobalt Ferrites would decrease the…

Imagine this scenario: a group of friend introduces an electronic cigarette to a teenage boy. At first, he uses it to fit in because it makes him feels cool. Then the adolescent continues to use them regularly because he slowly becomes addicted to the nicotine. When he finally turns 18, he switches from electronic cigarettes to traditional cigarettes. Would this have happened if he never tried the electronic cigarette in the first place? Unfortunately, this similar fate became a reality for…

Cosmetic Applications of Inorganic Materials Historically, cosmetics and personal care products have been made with naturally occurring organic compounds. However, many inorganic compounds have found a place in the personal care product industry. Inorganic compounds are now common ingredients in sunscreens, shampoos, and makeup. In regards to inorganic materials enhanced longevity, increased product performance, preservative applications, and decreased health risks are possible attributes.…

Throughout history there have been various definitions present on what a disaster is and the effects that it contains in relation to the environment and residents within the area. Society often has specific dominant worldviews in regards to disasters, which can pertain to or focus around disasters being seen as a “hazard”, “unlucky”, or an “unavoidable “ event (Scandlyn et al, 2009). Generally, many individuals tend to reflect on definitions in relation to conventional theories because the media…

Mixed contamination of PAHs and metals occur ubiquitously in the environment, but their combined toxicity to humans and other organisms are not fully addressed. The data from epidemiological, animal and in vitro studies indicated the nature of interaction between PAHs and metals varies from synergism to additivity or antagonism. In this chapter, the combined toxicity of PAHs and metals on toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic endpoints, and possible mechanism of actions were discussed. In addition,…

In his 1945 biennial report to the U.S. Secretary of War, Chief of Staff George C. Marshall inscribed, “In good conscience this Nation can take little credit for its part in staving off disaster in those critical days. It is certain that the refusal of the […] Russian peoples to accept what appeared to be inevitable defeat was the great factor in the salvage of our civilization” (107). The resolve of the Russian people was tenacious and unequivocal; undeterred by the callousness, destructiveness…