Chromatography

prepared by the method of Wipf’s protocol*) from methyl N-acyl glycine methyl esters in the presence of Et3N in DCE with PPh3 and I2 at room temperature for 19-24hr. These reactions proceeded in mild condition and gave 2x to 80-97% yield by column chromatography. Then, we attempted to apply the method of Friedel–Crafts acylation in order to synthesis of acylated oxazoles from 5-methoxy -2-phenyl oxazole (*). The normal conditions which used Lewis acid such as AlCl3 or TiCl4 with TFAA in DCE…

oligosaccharide structures from plant origin. The chromatographic separation has been carried out in GC and HPLC using many types of stationary phase. The most commonly used technologies include hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC), high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC), and HPLC with porous graphitized carbon (PGC) column. Table 1.3 compares the advantages and disadvantages of some chromatographic separation techniques on oligosaccharides…

regioselectivity which corresponded to their starting materials as well. Unsuccessful reactions include pyrrole and pyridine derivatives in which transformation did not appear. Products of the reaction were obtained via separation, washing and column chromatography. Products were analyzed by 1H and 13C NMR…

The paper I chose for the Case of the Term assignment is “A case of tolterodine poisoning”. Tolterodine (Detrol, Detrusitol) (CAS #124937-51-5) is an antimuscarinic drug that belongs to the class of drugs known as antispasmodics. Tolterodine is prescribed to treat urinary incontinence or overactive bladder by relaxing the muscles in the bladder. Tolterodine is marketed and manufactured by Pfizer. Antimuscarinic drugs inhibit the action of acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors. Tolterodine acts…

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a progressive neurological condition of which there is currently no cure. The main pathological feature of the disease is degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons within the brain, primarily in the Pars Compacta region of the Substantia Nigra (SN). This is thought to be a result of the formation of soluble aggregates of α-synuclein known as ‘Lewy Bodies’ in the neurones of PD patients, which can be clearly seen in various regions of the brain upon post mortem…

Kapp, Maurer, Auwärter, Winkelmann, and Hermanns-Clausen (2011) describe a case of a 25-year-old male who developed jaundice and pruritus after ceasing to ingest Kratom. The patient had been using Kratom acquired “via the Internet (www.thai-kratom)” for two weeks (Kapp et al., 2011, para. 3). On the second day after having quit taking the Kratom powder the man began experiencing subjective fever and chills. Restlessness and insomnia was also reported by the patient, possibly signalling…

Techniques like liquid chromatography and mass spectroscopy are commonly used for detection but they are expensive and need well equipped lab to execute. Nanosensors are cutting the edges in recent nanotechnological systems being small, affoardable, sensitive, selective and accurate…

Nutrition Minerals and vitamins are essential for the regular functioning of mostly all metabolic processes in ruminants. Dietary deficits or extremes of certain minerals and vitamins can influence in major financial losses in animal productivity. Several guidelines have been published by national organizations that recommend variable amounts of vitamin D intake.61 The reference values (Dietary Reference Intakes) for vitamin D were established in 1997; however, novel reference values were…

In forensics, there is a lot of chemistry involved. The various processes that a forensic procedure requires includes basic skills and knowledge from chemistry. Since chemistry and forensics are so closely related, many of the same concepts are used in each field. That is why it is important to go into more detail to see what type of chemistry has to deal with this. It is very rare that there is a forensics specialist investigating a crime scene without there being any type of chemistry…

Literature Review: Green Fluorescent Protein and Histidine Tagged Proteins Histidine and green fluorescent protein (GFP) tagging are important in molecular biology because they allow for purification, tracking, and quantification of target proteins (Ferrari et al., 2004; Cho et al., 2011; Deponte, 2012). Histidine tagging provides a method for isolating and increasing the amount of target protein recovered from a biological organism or mixed sample of proteins (Masek et al., 2011; Singh and…