Chromatography

mixture was quenched by adding water and extracted with methylene chloride. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, and filtered. After removing the solvent, the crude product was purified by silica gel chromatography by using hexane/CH2Cl2 (4:1) as the eluent to afford the title compound as yellow solid (1.23 g, 76%). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 8.55 (s, 2H), 8.44 (s, 2H), 8.01 (dd, 2H), 7.76 (dd, 2H), 1.39 (s,…

INTRODUCTION OF PUBLIC HEALTH CONCERN A designer drug is an analog of an illegal drug that has been modified structurally and/or functionally such that it can be sold in the US because the chemical structure of the substance no longer matches a known controlled substance (Wohlfarth 2010). People, especially teens, can purchase these “new psychoactive substances” (NPS) online and from friends, without an understanding of what they are actually taking. Deaths due to designer drugs happen, and…

successfully reverse engineered three different Henkel products and completed a competitive analysis of an equivalent product. Throughout the research process, I used many different analytical techniques including High Performance Liquid Chromatography and Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry to quantitatively and qualitatively define the components in the products, documenting the processes and results as the research was actively conducted. I am currently interested in developing my…

Stability of synthetic cathinones in biological samples A review of literature confirms to the fact that substance abuse is a global phenomenon. The most of countries strongly prohibit use of illicit drugs. For this reason, the people who are addicted for to illicit drugs are now addicted to new active substances which are called legal highs . These substances are more freely available and they can produce similar effects to illicit drugs [1,2]. Synthetic cathinones are one of the important…

B Sridhar et al (2012) studied Purification and Characterization of Biosurfactants. The emulsifications of biosurfactants were checked in various oils such as olive, coconut, sunflower and rice bran oils, the emulsification activity of biosurfactants. Pseudomonas aeruginosa had higher emulsification activity than Saccharomyces cerevisiae. While checking the sugar and lipid content in biosurfactants by phenol sulphuric acid method and vanillin reagent method, found high in Pseudomonas aeruginosa…

Protein-protein interaction can be defined as the interactions between different protein molecules within the cellular organization leading to formation of large protein complex which is modulated by non-covalent interactions such as hydrophobic interaction, hydrogen bond, van der Waals interactions etc. Protein-protein interaction plays an important role in functioning of body’s significant mechanism such as replication, transcription, translation, signal transduction, cell cycle, etc. Thus,…

(Setzer, W., 2008). The distillate was poured into a separatory funnel and extracted three times with dichloromethane to extract the water. After being extracted three times, a fifth of the solution was set aside to be later used in the thin-layer chromatography plate (Setzer, W., 2008). The remaining four-fifths were put back into the separatory funnel to be extracted three times with 5% NaOH in order to deprotonate the solution, which converts it into a salt. Since eugenol is slightly…

The rise of renewable energy has unsurprisingly coincided with a greater focus on renewable energy research within the scientific community. Among the many researched, the fuel ethanol industry has taken off in recent years, and is only going to increase. But an urgent problem facing the industry is meeting the increasing demands, while dealing with detrimental losses of ethanol due to contamination. This contamination is predominantly caused by lactic acid bacteria. The lactic acid bacteria…

Egypt The Egyptian outlook on perfumes could be derived from their lifestyle learned from the records, the objects found in connection to death and afterlife and mummified remains. The ancient Egyptians were concerned with the odours of everyday life and death. Dated to 1550 BCE, the Ebers papyrus gives us a wealth of knowledge on Egyptian medical preparations for ailments, perfumed anointing oils, and incense plants. As we move back through time, as early as the third millennium BCE, it…

The purpose of this experiment, Free Radical Chlorination of 1-Chlorobutane, is to examine the influence of the molecular structure on the reactivity of an alkane in a free-radical chlorination using the technique of gas chromatography. In this experiment, 1-chlorobutane was used to react with sulfuryl chloride in order to produce four isometric dichlorobutanes. The percent compositions of the four isometric dichlorobutanes are 8.34% for 1,1 dichlorobutane, 21.30% for 1,2 dichlorobutane, 44.50%…