Chromatography

In this experiment p-cresol was converted to n-propyl p-tolyl ether by using a modified form of the Williamson Ether method. The modified form used is called Phase Transfer Catalysis. The p-cresol was deprotonated by NaOH. The addition of tetrabutylammonium bromide provides the necessary help that the nucleophile needed to get into the organic phase in order to react with the electrophile. The reaction would have proceeded without this addition although it would have been a very slow reaction.…

1.5 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 1.5.1 Phytoconstituents of Enicostemma littorale Blume and its medicinal properties Enicostemma littorale Blume contains secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, catechins, saponins, sterols, triterpinoids, phenolic acid flavonoids and xanthones. Thse secondary metabolites exhibit various biomedical properties like anti-inflammatory [29] and anticancer [30] properties. Aqueous extract of E. littorale in alloxan induced diabetic rats was also reported to possess…

Introduction Part I: The first lab experiment used ion-exchange chromatography to purify a protein mix. Ion-exchange chromatography is the process of separating charged molecules based on their attraction to the charge of the beads in the column. The experiment used DEAE beads, diethylaminoethyl, which are used for anion exchange. Basically the beads are positive. Once the protein mix is added to the chromatography column the negative ions (anions) will stick to the DEAE beads and the rest…

Experiment 5: Separating Ferrocene and Acetylferrocene by Adsorption Column Chromatography AIM The primary goal of this experiment is to separate ferrocene and acetylferrocene using adsorption column chromatography. Additionally, a dry pack method with a micro scale column will be implemented, and the percent recovery for each compound will be computed. TABLE OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND HAZARDS WITH STRUCTURES Ferrocene: - Physical Property: Solid Molecular Weight: 186.04 g/mole Boiling…

Despite the practical and informative nature of the Williamson ether synthesis of 2-bromo-4-methoxy-phenoxy benzyl ether. This reaction was not conducted due to an error made in which the initial product was thrown away instead the actual second phase of this synthesis was the Williamson Ether synthesis of 4-methoxy-phenoxy benzyl ether. Figure 4. Williamson Ether Synthesis 4-methoxy-phenoxy benzyl ether ____________________________________¬___ In spite of this outcome there was still much…

the process. This lab focuses on light-dependent reactions that occur in chloroplast where pigments absorb light through photosynthesis. Objective: The purpose of this lab is to extract photosynthetic pigments from spinach leaves using paper chromatography. We will then measure their absorbances at different frequencies using spectrophotometry. Hypothesis: I believe the rate of photosynthesis is controlled by the light the plant it receives and its temperature. Experimental methods: This lab…

(II, 2-n-butyl-4-chloro-1-[2- (1H-tetrazol-5 yl) biphenyl- 4-yl) methyl] imidazole-5- carboxyl acid)[1]. The determination of Losartan has been carried out in tablets by HPLC, capillary electrophoresis and super-critical fluid chromatography[2,3], in urine by gas chromatography- mass spectrometry[4] and, simultaneously with its active metabolite in biological fluids, by HPLC[5- 10]. Amlodipine Besylate (ADB) )[FIG.1.B], chemically,…

Frederick Sanger was born to Cicely Sanger and Frederick Sanger on August 13, 1918 in Rendcomb, England. At age 18 Sanger went against his family and decided to become a scientist instead of a doctor like his father (Jeffers, 2017). He attended St. John’s College in Cambridge and majored in biochemistry. After he graduated he married Margaret Joan Howe at age 22 and had three children with her. He later came back and worked with Albert Neuberger in order to study the metabolism of…

In transformation a prokaryotic cell is altered by the uptake of foreign DNA from its surroundings (Reece 579). This process occurs in nature but can be artificially induced in a laboratory by a method called heat shock. Prokaryotic cells that have been artificially transformed by the foreign DNA can then be calculated for efficiency of transformation. pGLO plasmid was an excellent choice of foreign DNA, due to its ability to alter the phenotype of the prokaryotic cell. Green fluorescent…

described under Methods (section 2.2.3.1). 3.1.2.1.3 Purification of α-LA, HRP and human erythrocyte specific polyclonal IgG The IgG fractions were purified from rabbit sera by ammonium sulphate precipitation followed by negative ion exchange chromatography employing DEAE-cellulose. The antisera were decomplemented, IgG fraction precipitated by 40% (w/v) ammonium sulphate saturation in PB, pH 7.2 and the precipitate dialysed against the same buffer. The preparation thus obtained was dissolved…