Cholinergic

converts arginine to putrescine and ODC which converts ornithine to putrescine also produced low nicotine plants with increased levels of anatabine in Nicotiana tabacum [16, 17]. Anatabine is a toxic alkaloid derived from nicotinic acid and is a cholinergic agonist. MS, ESI spectra of the low nicotine RNAi plants in positive and negative mode did not show accumulation of anatabine. Instead, we report for the first time that reduction of nicotine content results in a concomitant increase in the…

The patient (pt) in room 584 is an 84-year-old Caucasian woman who was transferred to Lynchburg General hospital on December 12, 2016 from Stonewall hospital in Lexington in order to receive pulmonary care. Though she was admitted for unspecified dementia without behavioral disturbances, she was originally hospitalized at Stonewall since September 21, 2016 for atrial fibrillation with a low ventricular response rate, and dyspnea. She has co-morbidities of Parkinson’s disease and Lewy body…

MUSIC THERAPY TO DECREASE AGITATION AND ANXIETY IN DEMENTIA PATIENTS 7 Music Therapy to Decrease Agitation and Anxiety in Dementia Patients Overview of Agitation and Anxiety in Patients with Dementia Dementia Dementia is a major neurocognitive disorder that impairs cognitive and intellectual ability, memory, language, reasoning and judgments, which can interfere with daily functioning (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Symptoms of dementia differ among patients;…

Strong evidence suggests an association between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and insulin resistance [95]. De la Monte is one of the leaders who proposed the concept of Type 3 Diabetes Mellitus (T3DM) or brain insulin resistance based on experimental studies which demonstrated that brain insulin resistance in Alzheimer patients can be identified as type 3 diabetes (T3DM) [95, 96]. T3DM (brain insulin resistance) has molecular and biochemical features that overlap with both type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and…

The main measures for interview is established by good rapport, respect patient privacy, recognize face value, move to the patient's field of vision, SOLER as a reminder to sit directly, have an open posture, lean forward, make eye contact and relax, ask open-ended questions, one thing at a time, listen, culture matters, and avoid the medical terminology. This writer sets into view to interview an African-American gentleman with a two years history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)…

Substance abuse has progressively become a growing epidemic in the United States, with an average of 23.5 million Americans addicted to alcohol and other drugs (Together,Join, 2010). This is estimated to one in every 10 Americans, ages 12 and over who are struggling with addiction. Among those affected by alcohol and substance related dependencies are pregnant women with nicotine addiction. Over the years there have been countless studies and breakthroughs on the substance of nicotine, pregnant…

This section introduces the background of gene therapy in Parkinson’s Disease, especially on brain cells targeting therapy. It provides the rationale for further proposal of brain cell targeted PD therapy based on Ultrasound-meditated microbubble delivered AAV vector or RNAi. 1.Parkinson’s Disease, a common CNS disorder with no adequate treatment in pharmacological approaches Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive, central nervous system (CNS) disorder, belonging to a group of conditions…

INTRODUCTION Chronotherapy is the administration of drug or treatment according to the circadian rhythm of body that give maximum therapeutic effect and minimum adverse effects. Circadian rhythm control the biochemical process and functions of the body and environmental factors such as light, temperature, food intake can influence the circadian rhythm[1]. The pathological state of the disease condition have an observed rhythm for almost all diseases like asthma, cancer , hypertension etc. This…

Sleep Deprivation and Mental Health The young college student is lost. The last few weeks have taken a toll on his body and his mind. After spending countless hours studying for tests and continuously completing homework assignments, he attempts to focus and complete his seven page extra-credit assignment, but to no avail. His head feels heavy, and he cannot focus on once easy tasks and is constantly exhausted. Although it is not natural, he is not the only one who faces the same problem.…

Overview of The Myocyte The myocyte is composed of various protein filaments that comprise the contractile apparatus of the cardiac cell. Myofibrils, a collection of individual sarcomeres, enable contraction and relaxation of the myocyte. The sarcomere is the chief contractile unit of the cell. It is made up of two main proteins, myosin (thick filament) and actin (thin filament), as well as two regulatory proteins, tropomyosin and troponin. In order for the myocyte to contract and shorten it…