Cholestasis

reveals that Sari has been more teary recently, appropriate management may include offering for Sari to complete the Edinburgh Depression Scale to assess the condition of her mental wellbeing as it has been shown this scale can be reliable in detecting depression in the prenatal period (See Appendix A). (7:388) It is important to address mental wellbeing as antenatal depression is common among women with a history of depression and is associated with preterm birth, bleeding during gestation, increased uterine artery resistance, low Apgar scores, admission to neonatal care unit, and low birth weight. (7:386, 8:727-30) At 36 weeks, Sari reports itching which is preventing her from sleeping. Potential causes of pruritus include intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP), pruritus gravidarum, atopic eruption of pregnancy, pemphigoid gestationis, atopic dermatitis, allergic or drug reactions, pregnancy-specific causes of hepatic impairment, liver disease preexisting , or coincidental to pregnancy. (9:182) Sari’s pruritus is worse at night, concentrated to her palms with no rash noted, which is consistent with the manifestation of ICP. (10:3, 11:141) Additional signs and symptoms of ICP include pale stool, dark urine, which Sari reports, and rarely jaundice. (10:3). To further investigate the differential diagnosis of ICP the following laboratory tests would be ordered:, serum bile acid levels and liver function tests (LFTs). (10:3, 12:3) LFTs include aspartate transaminase…

1. Biliary atresia is a childhood chronic, progressive liver problem that can be acquired or congenital. This abnormality affects females slightly more often than males, and Asians and African Americans more often than Caucasians. The bile ducts, which would normally allow bile liquids to drain into the intestines and kidneys, are blocked. This blockage of bile, which aids in digestion, causes liver damage, and in turn, affects many vital body functions. Symptoms are noticed one to six weeks…

Aagenaes syndrome is a syndrome that portray by congenital hypoplasia of lymph vessels. This causes lymphedema of the legs and recurrent cholestasis in infancy. This also causes slow progress to hepatic cirrhosis and giant cell hepatitis with fibrosis of the portal tracks. The genetic cause is unknown, but it is inherited in some way in the chromosomes that it is located in. People who have this suffer severe neonatal cholestasis, but this usually lessons during child hood. After the childhood…

high cholesterol intake which can’t be digested as the gallbladder cant stimulate bile into the small intestine. If the patients eat fatty foods the gallbladder will try to release bile and as a result it will cause pain in the abdomen. Large meals should also be avoided as they contribute to fat intake and the food isn’t able to be digest. (Saxelby, 2012) From the moment the secretion of bile is stopped or reduced a disease called Cholestasis (a disorder of the liver or the bile duct)…

A total of 156 pLT's were performed, of which, 14 cases were concurrent with kidney or small bowel transplant and 142 were solely LTs. Complete data were available for 112 cases. The average time to extubation was 93 hours (range 0-680). Twelve patients were extubated postoperatively in the operating room. The average ICU length of stay was 170 hours (range 12-635). There were 2 postoperative deaths. The commonest indication for pLT were cholestatic disorders n=76, 54% (Extrahepatic biliary…

The causes of cholestasis can be divided into different groups, those originating within the liver and those originating outside of the liver. Causes originating in the liver include acute hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, drugs, cancer and cirrhosis due to hepatitis. Causes originating outside the liver include a stone in a bile duct or an inflammation of the pancreas (Mohamed and Solan, 2015). Cholestasis causes the skin to appear yellow, a condition called jaundice. It also causes…

the Kratom powder the man began experiencing subjective fever and chills. Restlessness and insomnia was also reported by the patient, possibly signalling dependence and withdrawal. On day five he developed mild abdominal pains. These pains grew in intensity on day eight, accompanied by a brown discoloration of his urine. Upon admittance to the hospital, no signs of infection were observed. Laboratory tests ruled out viral hepatitis and autoimmune diseases. “The pathologist identified a…

detect hepatomegaly in some patients with cholangiocarcinoma. Kowdley, et al. (2017), further states that 25 to 40% of cholangiocarcinoma patients have hepatomegaly. On rare occasion is may be used to detect a palpable gallbladder. Percussion, which is helpful in identifying the density of organs and auscultation, which helps identify abnormal sounds of functioning organs, are rarely used to help diagnose cholangiocarcinoma. Laboratory findings majorly help in the diagnostic process of…

cholecystitis). On the right a plain film of abdomen shows calcification of gallbladder wall[2]. Choice “A” is not the best answer. Though some of the patient’s findings are similar to a presentation of acute hepatitis (abdominal pain, jaundice), symptoms in acute viral hepatitis in contrast begin suddenly. Symptoms include a poor appetite, nausea, vomiting, and often a fever and pain in the upper right part of the abdomen. Occasionally, especially with hepatitis B, infected people develop…

displacement and compression of the intestines. A pregnant woman who is constipated and has hemorrhoids is at risk of bleeding during defecation of stool. Physician prescribe stool softener such as Colace. In addition, foods rich in fiber (about 28g/day), wholegrain, fruits, and vegetables are needed to relieve constipation. Furthermore, adequate fluid intake (at least 50 ml/kg/day) helps to relieve constipation. Regular exercise (walking, swimming, and cycling) helps to stir up bowel motility…