Chloroplast

The ATP molecule consists of a sugar molecule (ribose) attached to a base that is composed of carbon and nitrogen atoms (adenine). Attached to the other side of the ribose are three phosphate groups (a phosphate group consists of one phosphorus atom bonded to 4 oxygen atoms). * ATP Hydrolysis Powers Cellular Work The phosphate bonds in ATP (adenosine triphosphate) can be broken down by water. When ATP loses a phosphate group in water, this releases energy and creates the products ADP (adenosine…

Biology is the science of life or living matter in all forms and phenomena, especially with reference to origin, growth, reproduction, structure and behavior. Living beings have the desire to discover who they truly are and how they came to be the person that they are today. Many people have specific beliefs in an ultimate being that rules over all else, but most of these beliefs cannot be proven. The study of biology is based upon facts and hypotheses that can be tested and supported. Without…

TOPIC: ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF FUNGI Before we discuss the economic importance of fungi let us have a brief study about what fungi really are. Fungi are multicellular, eukaryotic, non-chlorophyllous, living organisms which feed heterotrophically by absorption and have a cell wall made up of fungal cellulose and have a body made up of hyphae called mycelium. In this universe each and everything has its own economic advantages and disadvantages. Let us first study the advantages of fungi…

The two types of bacteria are archaebacteria and eubacteria. What characteristics distinguish these two groups from the other kingdoms? These two groups are different from other kingdoms because all cells in these kingdoms are single-celled organisms whose organelles are not membrane bounds. They are also microscopically small. What is the average size of a bacterium? An average bacterium is about 1-2 micrometres long. How many prokaryote species have been discovered? How many are estimated to…

Cellular respiration is a process that takes place in the mitochondria where a chain of metabolic reactions occur in order to generate chemical energy from nutrients such as carbohydrates. The key reactants of this process include oxygen and glucose which yield carbon dioxide and water. Photosynthesis is the process where light energy is converted into chemical energy. The key reactants in photosynthesis are water, light and carbon dioxide which yield glucose and oxygen. In this lab, several…

Analyze the anatomical structure of ten different organelles in the cell and their respective functions. Chloroplast: Its main function is photosynthesis trapping energy from the sun and producing sugar from carbon dioxide. Its structure is made up of a double membrane system. They are known as the outer and inner membranes. The inner membrane surrounds the stroma and grana other words known as stacks of thylakoids (NCBI, 2016). Endoplasmic reticulum: Its main function is translation and…

An isotope is an atom containing different numbers of neutrons, differing in atomic mass. Basically an atom with a different atomic mass. What’s special about radioactive isotopes is that a radioactive isotope has a nucleus that decays spontaneously giving off particles and energy. 6. Radioactive tracers are used in science to label certain chemical substances, so metabolic processes can be followed and substances can be located in an organism. Radioactive tracers are important diagnostic…

Chemotherapy Chemotherapy sometimes involves the use of antibiotic drugs since it is basically defined as the use of chemicals or medication to treat diseases. However, this term is used to specifically refer to the medical processes that are geared toward the destruction of cancer cells. In some cases, the process involves using antibiotics and other medications to treat certain infections or illnesses that may arise as a result of the clinical processes toward destruction of cancer cells.…

ü Improvement in quality and quantity of seed proteins. ü Transfer of genes for animal proteins to crop plants. ü Elimination of unwanted genes for susceptibility to different diseases. ü Improvement of photosynthetic efficiency of reassembling nuclear and chloroplast genes and by the possible conversion of C3plants into C4…

2. The element being described is Sodium its symbol is Na it has an atomic mass of 22.989769. It has an atomic number of 11. This element has 11 protons, 11 protons, and about 11 neutrons. Protons have a positive charge, electrons have a negative charge, and neutron have a neutral charge. Electron shells are the outer parts of an atom containing the electrons. Valence electrons are electrons in the outermost shell. Valence electrons tell us whether an atom shares, transfers or receives electrons…