Chloroplast

Introduction All living organisms have need of a constant supply of energy, for the maintenance of their life processes. Energy can be defined as the ability to do work, hence, for metabolic reactions to occur a supply of energy is needed. The law of conservation of energy states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but transfers from one state to another. Photosynthesis and Respiration, are two processes involved in the production of energy. These processes will now be examined.…

light-saturated photosynthesis and CO2 concentrations (Kee et al., 1986). Another factor of the inhibition of photosynthesis in Tomato plants can be due to biochemical malfunctions occurring in the chloroplast where is takes place. The dark chilling of the plant is directly correlated to decreased chloroplast activity and smaller stomatal conductance (Kee et al.,…

outer membrane and an inner folded membrane forming cristae. The inner membrane contains enzymes to help with aerobic respiration, and is folded to increase the surface area therefore increasing the rate of reaction for the production of ATP. The chloroplasts have three membranes: an inner and outer membrane and thylakoids stacked into grana. The inner and outer membrane holds the stroma, which makes up most of the mass of the organelle. The outer membrane is partially permeable to allow small…

I had to contemplate for a while to figure out whether if I was going to do a town or the whole United States of America, but I think that I am going to do a town. It would be simpler than doing the whole United States. If I was to do the whole United State, so far I would have had was that the nucleus would be the white house. That would be it. Now for the town I can get farther than just the nucleus. To start off, I am going to start with the one in charge of the whole cell or town. The one…

Light intensity: As the light intensity increases the rate of photosynthesis also increases as this is helping the chloroplast to absorb chlorophyll. However, when it reaches its optimum level the level stays the same. Moreover, the Carbon dioxide concentration levels allows the plant to create food quicker. Once the Carbon dioxide reaches its optimum level the rate of photosynthesis stays the same. In addition, at the start, when the temperature begins to rise the rate of photosynthesis rises…

Plants produce photosynthesis based on two reactions that are carried out by different sections of the chloroplast. (Matthew P. Johnson 2016) Photosynthesis is created when CO₂ reacts with water to form oxygen, and a carbohydrate.(Lab Manual) By manipulating the CO₂ concentrations, it was able to see how it directly affected the production of one of the products…

3.4 Case Studies 3.4.1 Biofuel from GM Macro algae Hydrocarbon biofuels are produced by genetically modified seaweed which are obtained by inserting genes from high hydrocarbon producing micro algae into high growth seaweed species. Botryococcus braunii (BB) a green micro algae that produces large amounts of aliphatic hydrocarbon molecules is used as a source for genetic material. The genes that produce hydrocarbon in BB are identified, removed, cloned and subsequently inserted into high…

Microtubules, which are made of protein subunits called tubulin, are the thickest of all three cytoskeletal filaments. Microtubules are mainly serving as the paths along which vesicles are guided in their travels to various destinations, and are responsible for associating with motor proteins attached to the vesicles. Microtubules can also expand or shrink in length in order to establish dynamic structures that can efficiently change the internal organization of the cell, and capture organelles…

Discuss the similarities and differences in DNA replication between eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Are the changes in eukaryotes adaptations? Explain. Introduction Before we start our discussion, let us refresh our memories; cells are the absolute smallest building blocks of life, each manifesting a sophisticated design. Broadly speaking, the cells are divided in eukaryotes that contain membrane-bound organelles; and prokaryotes that do not (Diffen, 2007)—in short, prokaryotes are both simpler and…

Microfilaments have pipe-like construction and provide the cell with support and structure. Microtubules are found in Cilia and Flagella and are tiny 'tube' structures that aid the cell is transporting particles around the cytoplasm. In a plant cell, the chloroplasts are plastids that have chlorophyll and are the location where photosynthesis occurs. The Cell wall is found only in plant cells and provides structure as well as security for the…