Chlorogenic acid

of hydrogen in a substance. It is the scale used to tell how acidic or basic a solution is. The normal pH scale goes zero to fourteen. Zero to about six indicates that the solution is an acid. If the solution is closer to zero it makes it a stronger acid, but if the solution is closer to seven than it is a weak acid. If a solution has a pH of seven then it is neutral. A pH of eight to fourteen indicates that the solution is a base. The farther the pH level is from seven the stronger the base. If…

food digestion there are chemical and physical changes occurring. One chemical change for example would be, metabolic rate which is the rate of energy that is released from macronutrients. Carbohydrates (Glucose: C6H12O6), proteins (Alanine(amino acid) CH3) , and fats (Lauric…

by completing three acid and base neutralization reactions using phosphoric acid, which is a triprotic acid, with different volumes of sodium hydroxide. Introduction When looking at the coefficient of balanced equations, stoichiometry is seen. Coefficients represent the number of moles, equivalent to the mass of an atom, of the products and reactants. Stoichiometry was demonstrated in this experiment to determine the relationship between the testing agents. A polyprotic acid or base is used…

By combining the unknown compound with an acid, a base, and two salts, its reactivity was determined. Reacting the unknown compound with sulfuric acid (H2SO4) produced no visible reaction (precipitate), although the pH of the resulting solution was very acidic. Combining the unknown compound with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), a strong base, also had…

Oil and water are two different concepts that are believed to not mix. Normally, when pouring oil into water or vice versa, the two separates instead of mixing. However, when they do mix, both oil and water complement each other. The concept of the three main religions, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, can be explained through the idea of oil and water. When these religions mix, they create something special. Each religion has two different ways of viewing God even though it is the same God. In…

It is necessary to add HCl to the unknown solution at the beginning because it is a strong acid so it easily dissociates in the solution and the chlorine anion can react with the cation present in the solution. In step 5, water was added to the solution and then the test tube was heated so that the bonds holding the compounds in the precipitate…

1.7.3.4. Hydrogen sulphid test (MacFaddine, 1980): Tubes of triple sugar iron agar media were inoculated by suspected culture through stabbing into the butt and the slant then covered with sterile melted paraffin wax and incubated anaerobically for 48 h at 37°C, appearance of blackening in the butt indicates H2S production. 1.7.3.5. Sugar fermentation test (Willis, 1977): Suspected culture was inoculated to 1% peptone water tubes containing 2% bromocresol purple and 1% quantities of the…

Tyler White CHEM151LL 13851 07/18/2017 Mole to Mole relationship and Empirical formula of a Hydrate Purpose: The purpose of this lab experiment is to determine the molar ratio between substances, and to write chemical equations. The second experiment is to determine the ratio of water in copper, and magnesium, which is obtained through burning the vapor using the Bunsen burner. Materials: Because the experiments were conducted online there wasn’t any use of materials, only digital ones, for…

carried out at three types of organic solvents for lipophilic fractions (ethyl acetate, hexane, 50% acetone in water) and four types of solvent for hydrophilic fractions (0.1M phosphate buffer pH7.4, acetone: water: acetic acid (70:29.5:0.5), 50% methanol in water, 7% acetic acid in 80% methanol). The amount between solid (sample) and liquid (organic solvents) was carried out at the ratios of 1:10, 1:15, 1:20 and 1:25 g:mL. The ultrasonication times were varied at six extraction time levels (10,…

diabetic wounds. 2. How can the alendronate and antimicrobial loaded bilayer bandage system will help in treatment of chronic diabetic wounds? The bi-layer bandage system comprises of 2 layers, the bottom layer comprises of a chitosan-Hyaluronic acid (HA) matrix containing antimicrobial agents like bacitracin and benzalkonium chloride and the top layer comprises of a chitosan matrix containing alendronate. The bottom layer will be designed in such a way that the antimicrobials get released…