Chloroform

and modern antiseptics, which could have greatly reduced the spread of bacteria and the outbreak of disease, did not exist. As George Worthington Adams famously wrote, “The Civil War was fought in the very last years of the medical middle ages.” Chloroform, ether and whiskey were the main source of anesthetics. With those medicines many survived their wounds and had only the dedicated doctors and nurses and their selfless acts to thank. Medicine is an ever-evolving science. Sadly for those who…

wood-chips digestion, spent liquor evaporation and bleaching as volatile organic carbons (VOCs), and from combustion process as nitrogen oxidies (NOx) and SOx. VOCs also include ketone, alcohol and solvents such as carbon disulfide methanol, acetone and chloroform…

Around 1.3 million people were transported to Auschwitz, while around 1.1 of them died there. (“Auschwitz 2”) Auschwitz was sadly one of the most efficient concentration camps, mainly because of the large amount of Jews killed there, it was located in southern Poland, and started off as a detention center for prisoners. It soon evolved into something much worse, a death camp where men, women, and children were all murdered, usually by gas chambers, burning in the crematoria, or simply by…

the Civil War didn’t have x-ray machines yet so they couldn’t tell where the bullet was, so they would just have to check around the entrance wound and dig around for the bullet. They would’ve given him an anesthetic drug like Opium, Ether, or Chloroform to deal…

Chalcone and Pyrylium Syntheses and Analyses Done by: Natalie Almond & Sophie Troyer in approved collaboration Introduction Photoredox catalysis uses light to excite the catalytic compounds, producing an effective oxidizing agent.1 The oxidizing agent can remove an electron from the desired compound for reaction, making it easier to synthesize molecules.1 One example of the utility of photoredox catalysis is the “production of lignan cyclobutanes,” which have many important pharmaceutical…

Ethyl vinyl ether was used to protect –OH on glycidol based on a literature reported protocal.59 In a typical procedure, 0.675 mol glycidol and 200 mL ethyl vinyl ether were loaded in a round-bottom flask, to which 1.25 g TsOH was then added. The reaction was allowed to proceed at room temperature (RT) for 3h. The resulting mixture was then purified by washing with 100 ml saturated aqueous solution of NaHCO3 for 3 times. The organic layer obtained was dried by MgSO4. After filtration of MgSO4,…

Nitrous Oxide in Dentistry Tooth ache is one of the most painful experiences to go through for a person. However, some people avoid going to their dentist because of the fear of pain and anxiety. They bear the dental pain just so that they do not have to go to the dental clinic and have their issue resolved. The reason for this anxiety is largely down to the fear that they are going to feel a great deal of pain during the dental procedure. Dentistry has evolved quite a bit in the last few years…

Fingernails As Trace Evidence Shamyiah Underwood Advance Criminalistics (FSC 620) National University Fingernails As Trace Evidence Trace evidence is the physical evidence resulting from the transfer of small quantities of material (e.g., hair, fibres, body fluids, textile samples, paint chips, glass fragments, gunshot residue particles, mud, insects, etc.) which may be collected by the police forensic unit, sexual assault team or medical examiner (Medical…

Josef Mengele was born in 1911. He studied philosophy at Munich and medicine at Frankfurt University. In 1938 he joined the Nazi party and joined the Schutzstaffel, an elite corps of combat troops. After being injured on the German front in 1942 and being declared unfit for duty, Mengele volunteered to go to the concentration camp. He was sent to Auschwitz, a Nazi death camp. Mengele was extremely involved in the regularly attended rituals for death. He was the main provider for the gas chamber.…

Holocaust and Nazi Medicine, Mengele gave lower gastric intestinal examinations to a set of twins without any anesthesia (Simply Responsive, 2018). The twins cried so loud Mengele gagged them. After three weeks the twins were given injections of chloroform to the heart, taking both of their lives in order to dissect them for research (Simply Responsive,…