Chloride

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    A similar experiment such as the reaction of Sodium Thiosulfate and Hydrochloric Acid includes the “Yellow Snowstorm” reaction – a reaction between Copper (II) and Thiosulfate. Copper (II) sulfate [CuSO4·5H2O] dissolves to give cupric ion (Cu2+); in the context of a redox reaction with thiosulfate, the cupric ion acts as an oxidizing agent. Reactions within the temperature on Sodium Thiosulfate and Hydrochloric Acid occur as the result of molecules interacting with each other to create new…

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    Frog Heart Lab

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    chemicals, hormones, ions, and metabolites (book). The chemicals and agents used in this lab to modify the frog's heart rate and contraction are extrinsic factors. They are cold water, warm water, pilocarpine, histamine, epinephrine, calcium chloride, sodium chloride, hydrochloric acid, and potassium…

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    Do you know what PVC pipe is made out of? Polyvinyl Chloride. A colorless and odorless plastic that is often connected to reproductive and developmental health issues. The same material your faucet water runs through. Despite this, it stands to be the world’s third most produced synthetic plastic. This material does not stand alone in being one of the least sustainable and most toxic chemicals. The International Living Future Institute has produced a ‘Red List’ that mentions 21 more materials…

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    Anion Test Lab

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    chart of the colors that each burn, lit the unknown on fire with a bunsen burner and compared the flame color with the colors in the chart. In order to identify the anion, we needed to perform four anion reactions: chloride, sulfate, nitrate, and carbonate. To identify a chloride, equal amounts of the unknown solution, 6M HNO3, and AgNO3 are mixed together and if a white precipitate is formed, the test is positive. To identify a sulfate, equal amounts of the unknown, 6M HCl, and BaCl2 are…

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    is installed on the amino group using the corresponding acid chloride or acid anhydride. (3) Some acyl functions such as benzoyl, α-phenylcinnamoyl, and naphthaloyl are directly incorporated on the nucleobase using the corresponding anhydride (Watanabe and Fox, 1966; Bhat et al., 1989). Zhu et al. (2003) reported an improved synthesis of N-benzoylated nucleosides by reducing the amounts of chlorotrimethylsilane (TMSCl) and benzoyl chloride to nearly equivalent quantities. The major advantage of…

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    Unknown Compounds

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    other compounds. After performing the four anion tests, a positive identification was able to be made showing that the unknown compound contained a chloride ion since a white precipitate was formed from the reaction (Table 1). The sulfate, nitrate, and carbonate tests all yielded negative results when no precipitate was formed. The reaction of the chloride anion is as follows: Cl- + AgNO3 -->…

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    sufficient amount of time, it was carefully removed from the hot plate and left to cool down to room temperature. When the aqueous solution was cooled, one milliliter of saturated sodium chloride was added. By adding saturated sodium chloride, it attracts any water compounds that might react with caffeine. After sodium chloride was mixed in, 25 milliliters of ethyl acetate was used to separate the caffeine from the organic layer. Ethyl acetate is a polar compound that is used to attracted…

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    attracted to the oxygen (negative) end of the water molecules, and the negative Cl- ions were attracted to the hydrogen (positive) end of the water molecules. As an end result, the ionic bond between the sodium and the chloride was broken. CuSO4(s) ⇔ Cu+2(aq) + SO4-2(aq) Like the sodium chloride, the copper sulphate was split into its individual ionic components. The positive Cu+2 ions were attracted to the oxygen (negative) end of the water molecules, and the negative SO4-2 ions were…

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    At first glance, all the substances may have been considered to be similar, as they are all white substances that are generally fine powder or small crystals. However, the lab revealed substances C: citric acid, D: sucrose, and H: benzoic acid to be covalent compounds, while the remaining substances to be all ionic. The previously stated covalent compounds all were found to have low relative melting points when heating them on a hot plate, but they had mixed results to their solubilities:…

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    The unknown compound was composed of small, white crystals as shown in picture 1. The compound was completely odorless, which was tested by simply smelling the compound. Picture 1 (Unknown Compound): The solubility test of the unknown compound determined that the compound was soluble in water (H2O). The other known salts that were tested that were also soluble were all of the sulfates and NaCl. These were the only salts tested, because before this experiment it was determined by the flame test…

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