Chi-square distribution

After collection of enough spectrum sensing results from each secondary user by the FC as above, relation is determined in the spectrum sensing results of each SU to identify both OMU and ROMU with the abnormal sensing reports to the fusion centre using the following steps. Variation in the Sensing results In the first step, FC measure the differences in the sensing results provided by each individual SU with all other SUs, during each sensing interval from initial to N_0 interval. Here sensing…

After the data was collected it was formulated into 4 tables relating to Alpha Amplitude, Alpha Frequency, Beta Amplitude and Beta Frequency, the tables can be found in the appendix section below. The tables contain ID numbers to identify the volunteers as well as columns to show the amplitude (μV)/frequency (Hz) of alpha and beta during the four periods of no music (NM1, NM2, NM3, NM4),CL, CH, RL and RH. The percentage increase for all the different types of music compared to no music was…

downsizing in industries (which could mean cutting less skilled workers), globalization and of course government policies like minimum wage changes, budget cuts and tax reforms. (Hurst, 27.) 2. Outline the dominant historical trends in wealth distribution in the U.S.…

explains how 5,000 Americans were asked how they think wealth is distributed in the United States. They were also asked what they think the ideal distribution was. What they thought and what they think the ideal distribution was close in numbers with 20% of Americans getting more than everyone else. Later in the video it showed the actual distribution of wealth and it was a lot different than the ideal and what the 5,000 people thought. The bottom 80% of Americans only have 7% of the wealth…

The fear surrounding economic inequality is reflected in society. Similar to the city of Panem, the division between the wealthy and poor is reflected in our society. The wealthy are often gifted with better opportunities, living conditions, and an overall quality of life. The poor are required to work hard to only live a mediocre life in comparison. This drastic differentiation in wealth and life may lead people to act in immoral ways. In order to remain superior, the wealthy do not help or…

Question 1 (i) Mean: ‘’The sum of a series of measurements (or numbers) divided by the number of those measurements.’’ (Open University,2015: S104 Exploring Science Glossary, Milton Keynes, The Open University). Scientific Notation: ‘’ A notation that represents any number by expressing it as a number that is equal to or greater than 1 but less than 10, multiplied by a simple power of ten where the index may be positive or negative. Thus, 1.30 × 103 is in scientific notation (because 1.30 is…

Lemma: If p > 3 is prime, then either p = 1 (mod 6) or p = 5 (mod 6). Proof: The residue classes modulo 6 partition Z, so any z in Z satisfies a congruence z = n (mod 6) where n is in {0,1,...,5}. z is divisible by 6 if n = 0, 2 if n = 2, 3 if n = 3, and 2 if n = 4. These cases cover the primes z = 2 and z = 3; if z > 3 is prime, it follows that n = 1 or n = 5, i.e., z = 1 (mod 6) or z = 5 (mod 6). Now suppose there are only finitely many primes congruent to 5 modulo 6, say p_1, ...,…

Wow! It is already time to blog. Man, my time seems to be finite in high school, because it feels like I just blogged last week. I finished Forbes Greatest Technology Stories last week which was about 350 pages worth of great insight on being a successful inventor and entrepreneur. I started a new book called American Lightning, by Howard Blum. I'm 170 pages in, and I can say the story is quite intriguing. As of now, I have half the book read and will finish it up this week to meet my reading…

The two terms income and wealth have mistakenly become identical in American culture. While the two concepts often go hand in hand, using the terms interchangeably can be misleading individuals. Conley differentiated these two terms on chapter 7. According to Conley, individuals think of the term income, when they consider economic status. Income is defined as the amount of money received by an individual for work, from transfers such as inheritances, gifts, or government assistance programs. In…

Chapters 3 Test MULTIPLE CHOICE Select the answer that best completes the statement or that correctly answers the question. 1. Which of the following is the correct scientific notation for the value 5,545.98? a. 55.4598 x 102 b. 55.4598 x 10-2 c. 5.54598 x 103 d. 5.54598 x 105 2. Which of the following is the correct scientific notation for the value 0.0001023? a. 102.3 x 106 b. 1.023 x 10-3 c. 102.3 x 10-6 d. 1.023 x 10-4 3. The atomic mass of Hydrogen is 1.00797 amu. How many significant…