Chemistry

Examining Substitution Reactions of Several Alcohol-Containing Compounds Several Experiments were performed using substitutions reactions with hydrogen halides. These results and favor methods or pathways for the several alcohols were observed and will be discussed. Introduction for all the material Scheme 1. Substitution of 3-(m-tolyl)propan-1-ol to form 1-(3-bromopropyl )-3-methylbenzene. Aromatic materials used in this reaction has high boiling point thus the reaction was heated…

INTRODUCTION CLASS : B.S-VIII CHEMISTRY SUBJECT: ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TOPIC: SOFT DRINKS & ITS HARMFUL EFFECTS SUBMITTED TO: DR. SANA MUSTAFA MADE BY: HAFIZ MANSOOR HUSSAIN 11/05/2014 HAFIZ MANSOOR HUSSAIN 2 3. WHAT ARE SOFT DRINKS ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Soft drink is also known as club soda, soda water, sparkling water, carbonated water & fizzy water. It is water into which carbon di oxide gas under pressure has been dissolve, a process that cause the water to become effervescent. and…

I enjoy all of my A-level subjects, and I want to continue with as many as possible, so I am applying for Natural Sciences. I am eager to study in more depth the areas that I have found interesting, as well as to explore new topics. For me, Human Biology currently stands out as the most exciting field, as I can see at first hand its applications and effects, and constant developments mean there is always something new to learn. It is this dynamic side of science which I want to be involved in.…

Abstract: Amylase in the body is used to break down polysaccharides into monosaccharides. The monosaccharides are simple sugars that are used to give the body energy. This effect was investigated in an experiment designed to show the breaking down of starch solution. A water bath was used to heat water up to 60oc. Pieces of dialysis tubing were wet and had starch solution put inside. Half of the measuring cylinders were filled with 60oc water, and the other half with 25oc water. Tests of the…

With A = 52.4, and B =119.8. Moreover, some previous works overlooked that the increase in temperature is always accompanied by the increase in water vapour pressure, and lower CO2 partial pressure respectively. Consequently, according to Henry’s law, the amount of dissolved CO2 in water is also decreased. Thus, the increase in temperature will increase the kinetics of precipitation, and also reduce the supersaturation of FeCO3 as a result of lesser amount of dissolved CO2 in the water. B.…

INTRODUCTION This practical experiment is based is based on the theory of Law of Conservation of Mass stated by Antoine Lavoisier. Antoine Lavoisier was a French nobleman who had a major influence on the history of chemistry and biology. Today he is considered to be the “father of modern chemistry.” In all his experiment he supported the Law of Conservation of Mass. Antoine stated this in his theory, “The law of conservation of mass states that mass can neither be created nor destroyed in a…

Introduction Interhalogen compounds are molecules containing two or more different halogen atoms. The general formula for interhalogen consists of XYn, where n is equal to 1,3,5 or 7 and the central halogen, X, being less electronegative than halogen Y results in the formation of polarized covalent bonds. This experiment consisted of using experimental techniques to synthesize and decompose highly reactive, thus unstable, interhalogens that seemingly violate the octet rule. Synthesis…

The ultimate purpose of this lab is to find how much copper is in brass using the visible spectroscopy, in addition to the introduction of Beer’s law, a physical law that can be utilized to determine the unknown concentration of a metal ion in a solution if its absorbance is calculated; you can accurately measure it by means of a standard graph called a calibration curve. Also colorimetry, a technique “used to determine the concentration of colored compounds in solution” (Housecroft, Catherine)…

Synthesis ofp-[1-(p-Hydroxyphenyl)-1-(p-Methoxyphenyl)Ethyl]Phenol (HMEP) 0.2 mol of phenol was mixed with the solution containing 100 mL of acetic acid in 200 mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid in 500 mL five necked round bottom flask fitted with anoil bath, thermometer, mechanical stirrer, reflux condenser. The contents of the flask was stirred for a period of 15 min, the solution was heated to 65oC, 0.1 mol ofp-methoxyacetophenone was introduced into a dropwise to the solution for about 6 h…

What is Styrofoam? Styrofoam is a brand of closed-cell extruded polystyrene foam currently created for thermal insulation and craft applications. Dow Chemical Company retained and produced the Styrofoam. Through petroleum product known as styrene, Styrofoam was created. The styrene is amended into a clear molten mass of polystyrene through a complex chemical process known as polymerization. It would become a hard plastic if it were left to cool. Disposable eating utensils are created from this…