Chemical vapor deposition

Kinetic investigation and the Arrhenius plot The degradation of SAC in acidic, basic and oxidative mediums at different HCl (0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 M, keeping temperature 90 ºC), NaOH (0.005, 0.01 and 0.05 M, keeping temperature 40 ºC) and H2O2 (5%, 10% and 15%, keeping temperature 90 ºC) strengths was studied. Also SAC degradation was studied as a function of temperature in acidic (30, 60, 70, 90ºC and room temperature, keeping HCl strength 0.1M), basic (40, 65, 90ºC and room temperature, keeping…

3.1.3. TGA analysis Thermal gravimetric analyses (TGA) were recorded under N2 atmosphere over the temperature range of 25- 800 oC at a heating rate of 15 oC/min, to evaluate both the composition and the thermal stability of f-silica and AgNPs/f-silica. As shown in Fig. 1D the mass loss noticed between 25 oC and 180 oC represents the physically adsorbed water. Adsorbed water accounted 7.4%, 6.43% and 2.2% for f-silica, AgNPs/f-silica sample using [Ag+] = 0.005 M, and AgNPs/f-silica sample using…

The reaction of soda ash (Na2CO3) with calcium sulfate in water is represented by the following chemical reaction: Na2CO3 + CaSO4 >>> CaCO3 + Na2SO4. Assuming that this reaction is complete and that there is 153 mg/l of CaSO4 initially present, what is the mass of soda ash that must be added to 1 liter of the water? How many grams of CaO are required to be the chemical equivalent of 246 g of Mg(HCO3)2? A complete reaction requires the number of CaSO4 to be equal to the number of moles…

Figure (2.6) shows industrial oxygen sensor. Fig. (2.6) Oxygen sensor [25] This thesis used some kinds of sensors described below: a. pH Sensor “The term pH is derived from a combination of “p” for the word power and “H” for the symbol of the element Hydrogen. Together the meaning is the power of hydrogen. pH used to compare the relative acidity or alkalinity of a solution at a given temperature. A pH of (7.00) describes a neutral solution because the activities of hydrogen and hydroxide…

Crystalline and Amorphous Solids  Solids can be divided into two classes: crystalline and amorphous. Crystalline solids have well-defined edges and faces, diffract x-rays, and tend to have sharp melting points. In contrast, amorphous solids have irregular or curved surfaces, do not give well-resolved x-ray diffraction patterns, and melt over a wide range of temperatures. Crystalline solids, or crystals, have distinctive internal structures…

The Effect Of Temperature On The Rate Of Maggot Movement. Environmental Systems and Societies ---Planning Lab--- Gaurav Iyer Research Question To what extent does the temperature affect the movement of Maggots? Introduction The Experiment aims to analyze the behaviour of the maggots. In this case, behaviour is defined as the way organisms respond to their environment. In the experiment, the orientation of the movement of organisms and gametes in response…

Step 1 - Synthesis A mixture of compressed CO2 and ammonia under 240 bar (g) pressure is reacted to form ammonium carbamate. This is an exothermic reaction, and heat is absorbed by a boiler to produce steam. The first reactor achieves 78% conversion of the carbon dioxide to urea and the liquid is then furthurly purified. Then, the second reactor receives the gas from the first reactor and recycles the solution. Conversion of carbon dioxide to urea is approximately 60% at a pressure of 50 bar…

Research Question: To compare the enthalpy change of reaction of 3 neutralization reactions by using 3 different acids of distinct pH. The same base of NaOH will be used in all three experiments. Introduction: Chemical reactions always have energy change. Energy in the form of heat, if liberated is known as exothermic and if absorbed in the reaction is known as endothermic. When a reaction carried out under standard condition at a of temperature 298K and 1 atm of pressure and 1 mole of water…

4.4. Physical model of the susceptibility of hot cracking for copper GTA welding Variations of the hot cracking susceptibility during copper GTA welding could be divided into the following five stages combining the internal factor with the external factors, as shown in Fig. 14: Fig. 14. Schematic of the physical model for the susceptibility of hot cracking during copper GTA welding. (I). Free crystalline region The actual line of S-L is lower compared with its corresponding theoretical line…

Carbohydrates have the following basic composition. They are molecular compounds made from three elements: carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Monosaccharides are simple sugars with multiple OH groups. Based on number of carbons 3, 4, 5, 6, a monosaccharide is a triose, tetrose, pentose or hexose respectively. Disaccharides are condensation products of two monosaccharide units; examples are maltose and sucrose. A disaccharide is 2 monosaccharides covalently linked molecule. Polysaccharides are polymers…