Chemical synthesis

isoprenoid biosynthesis. HMGR over-expression in transgenic tobacco plants resulted in increased levels of total sterols, indicating that HMGR is a limiting enzyme also in plant sterol biosynthesis (Schaller et al., 1995). The next step in sterol synthesis is to form squalene from mevalonic acid, and this is performend by a series of reactions where the final step is catalysed by the squalene synthase enzyme (SQS).…

Was More Copper Created? Harshal Patel* and Isaac Cenoz Chem 111-491 Introduction: Copper is one of the most important and diverse elements found in nature all over the world because it can be chemically reacted with many other elements and compounds. The purpose of this experiment was to identify the different reactions that occurred through the lab and the different types of reactions. Throughout the lab, copper was put through series of reactions to see the different combinations and how its…

I performed the vinegar and baking soda experiment. The first thing that happened when I poured vinegar on top of the baking soda was an overflow of fizz and bubbles. These bubbles were the carbon dioxide escaping from the solution. White foam overflowed over the rim of the container. I felt the cup dropping temperature slightly as the reaction took place. The temperature dropped about 6 degrees Celsius. The remaining solution was a filmy and diluted. The result was sodium acetate dissolved in…

crystal structure. Hence, as a result, we can conclude that the lower the crystal symmetry of a crystal structure is, the higher the proton transport efficiency. This increase in proton transport efficiency results in more efficient conversions from chemical energy to electric energy. This technology can be implemented in a fuel cell. No extra energy needs to be wasted in assisting in the breaking and reformation of hydrogen bonds in the Cs3H(SeO4)2 crystal. This makes Phase II of the…

The history of piezoelectricity evolution is over 120 years which was discovered by brothers Curie in 1880. They were Pierre Curie (1859-1906) and Jacques Curie (1855-1941). During the study of the generation surface electrical charge by applying pressure on some material, they found out an unusual phenomenon which was a voltage of opposite polarity was generated by pressure was applied on the crystalline minerals such as quartz. The amplitude of the generated voltage was proportional to the…

Danika Ng CHEM 1252 L Exp 12: Thermodynamic Analysis of Chemical Equilibria INTRODUCTION The reaction being done with borax and HCl is an acid base reaction. The K constant expression of the reaction is Kc = [Na^+][B4O7^-2]. A titration is needed for this experiment because when a strong acid with a known concentration is added to a weak base, the unknown concentration of the weak base can be found, which can then find the moles of the weak base, which can then find the Kc. The first law of…

Ayurveda care for Kapha type body According to Ayurveda, our body is made up of five elements namely, air, water, earth, fire and space. Kapha is a combination of the elements Water and Earth whose meaning is ‘sticky’. Our body structures are formed by the energy derived from kapha energy. It supplies the vital nutrients and liquid that are needed to life to emerge and sustain on the planet. Kapha provides the body with lubrication in physical form and structure that results in the smooth and…

In this lab, the guiding question is “How does the surface tension and relative intermolecular forces compare between certain substances?” In order to fully understand this guiding question, we have to know what is the surface tension and intermolecular force. The definition of surface tension is “the inward force, or pull, that tends to minimize the surface area of a liquid, and the definition of intermolecular force is the force, or pull, between the molecular which has polar…

Effect of temperature Temperature has a profound influence on the rate of all processes occurring in living organisms including fungi and it may determine the type of reproduction, the morphology of the organism and the nutrients required. For any particular organism, the minimum and maximum temperatures are the lowest and highest at which growth occurs, and the optimum is that at which the growth rate is the greatest.Majority of fungi are mesophylls and grow at moderate temperature.These values…

started in the Industrial Revolution, hydrochloric acid is used in the chemical industry as a chemical reagent in the large-scale production of PVC plastic, and MDI/TDI for polyurethane. It has numerous smaller-scale applications, including household cleaning, production of gelatine and other food additives, descaling, and leather processing. About 20 million tonnes of hydrochloric acid are produced worldwide annually. Chemical properties and reactions: Hydrogen chloride (HCl) is a monoprotic…