Chemical synapse

The corneal endothelium is metabolically highly active, and accordingly, endowed with a large number of mitochondria (**). Recent studies have claimed mitochondrial dysfunction in response to deliberate oxidative stress and in FECD (**). Although mitochondrial damage is correlated to cell death, its effects could be more subtle when the damage to the organelle is not severe. Specifically, when mitochondrial damage is not severe, the cellular functions could be impacted by ATP depletion. The…

Obtain a piece of paper that is approximately 5cm x 10cm, and tear it into small fragments. Place the pieces of paper on a watch glass, and light the paper with a match. Observe and record reactions. Deposit a microspatula of NaCL (sodium chloride) into a test tube, and dilute the substance by infiltrating approximately an inch of water to the test tube. Let the NaCL dissolve into the water by shaking the test tube with one’s thumb over the opening of the test tube. Using a dropper, place…

Lithium is the chemical element of atomic number 3, a soft silver-white metal. It is the lightest of the alkali metals. The two main parts of every atom are neutrons and protons. The three main subatomic particles that form an atom are protons, neutrons, and electrons. Electrons are the smallest of the three particles that make up atoms. Electrons are found in shells or orbitals that surround the nucleus of an atom. Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus. They group together in the center…

The purpose of this experiment was to determine the thermodynamic properties of the entropy, enthalpy and free energy, as well as the solubility product of borax as a function of temperature from the dissolution of borax in an aqueous solution. Thermodynamics is the study of heat and its transformations. The properties of thermodynamics are entropy, enthalpy and free energy. The properties of thermodynamics can be viewed in terms of spontaneity. Spontaneity is a spontaneous change of a system…

M & M Three oranges were cut in half and then placed over the juicer. The oranges were then pressed down, while being twisted allowing the juices from the oranges to be collected in the tray below. The orange juice in the trays were then poured into a 250ml beaker with cheese cloth on top of it. The cheesecloth caught the larger pieces of pulp from the oranges while allowing the juice to pass. The orange juice was then transferred into six 1.5ml centrifuge tubes. The six centrifuge were then…

This experiment exemplifies the effects of the concentration of hydrogen on the strength of bone. As bone is majorly composed of calcium, and knowing that acids want to neutralize. Throughout the experiment, results show that the strength of the bone was compromised in acidic situations, but rather unaffected in situations where the concentration of hydrogen was basic. Even more noticeable than the change in pure tensile strength is the change in the maximum deflection before fracture.…

This lab investigates the affect of sucrose on mitosis in onion root cells. The results of the experiment do not support the hypothesis. As the concentration of sucrose increases, the percent change in root length of the onion decreases. The individual data shows a 44.75% increase in the length of the onion root for the control group (0.0M). This is the highest percent change in onion root length. The solution is likely hypotonic. This means that it contains a higher concentration of water…

Before beginning any of the tests the food samples were selected and separately blended in a small blender with water. This step was necessary for the food samples to fit into test tubes. Each food sample was left in a separate beaker to await the experiments. The first step of test 1a was to prepare 6 test tubes. They were labeled by what their future contents would be. The control for this experiment was a glucose standard solution; it would test positive for reducing sugars. 1.5mL of the…

The Chemical Warfare Service The lessons learned from the involvement of the United States in World War I would identify the need for a military organization that specialized in Chemical Warfare. The use of chemical weapons was one of the most deadly and effective tactics experienced by both sides during the trench-style warfare. Due to the concern that the chemical weapon strategies of the First World War would continue on in future armed conflicts, the United States Army created the Gas…

Hydrogen is an Alkali earth metal in group 1 on the periodic table. Hydrogen has an atomic mass of 1 and an atomic number of 1. Hydrogen has 1 VALENCE electron and 1 neutron. It has 1 ring, because it’s in period 1. Hydrogens state of matter is gas. Lithium is a Alkali Earth Metal on the Periodic Table. Lithium's state or matter is solid. Lithium has a atomic number of 3 and an atomic mass of 7 when rounded. It has 1 valence electron around its nucleus and 4 neutrons in the nucleus. Lithium has…