Chemical reactions

emitted between 400 and 800 nm follows the solar spectrum. The radiant flux was monitored with a Photo-radiometer (HD 2102.2 - Delta Ohm). Temperature of the experiments was never superior to 38 °C. Samples were periodically collected to follow the reaction kinetics. Evaluation of the effect of hydrogen peroxide, iron concentration and pH on the photo-Fenton process in groundwater samples. An experimental design 23 with a duplicate was performed to evaluate the effect of H2O2, iron…

Calibration 1: Text Cyclohexane is a six carbon cyclic alkane that is unusually stable compared to other cyclic alkanes. This stability can be seen by examining cyclohexane in its chair conformation. Since cyclohexane consists of all sp3 hybridized carbons, it ideally exists with 109.5-degree bond angles. If cyclohexane were planar, it would be forced to have 120-degree angels, and would therefore have angle strain. However, cyclohexane chair conformations are almost completely free of angle…

Introduction: Wind chill is the measure of the combined effect of wind and lowering temperatures on beings (Steadman, R. G. 1971). With wind chill animals would be cold especially during winter months with the harsh winds, because of this out in the environment animals have fur coats to help them hold and retain heat against the wind. The way animal is able to retain heat is due to thermal physiology designed to keep a being warm by preventing heat from leaving the body (Media 2014). An analysis…

Obtain a piece of paper that is approximately 5cm x 10cm, and tear it into small fragments. Place the pieces of paper on a watch glass, and light the paper with a match. Observe and record reactions. Deposit a microspatula of NaCL (sodium chloride) into a test tube, and dilute the substance by infiltrating approximately an inch of water to the test tube. Let the NaCL dissolve into the water by shaking the test tube with one’s thumb over the opening of the test tube. Using a dropper, place…

M & M Three oranges were cut in half and then placed over the juicer. The oranges were then pressed down, while being twisted allowing the juices from the oranges to be collected in the tray below. The orange juice in the trays were then poured into a 250ml beaker with cheese cloth on top of it. The cheesecloth caught the larger pieces of pulp from the oranges while allowing the juice to pass. The orange juice was then transferred into six 1.5ml centrifuge tubes. The six centrifuge were then…

This experiment exemplifies the effects of the concentration of hydrogen on the strength of bone. As bone is majorly composed of calcium, and knowing that acids want to neutralize. Throughout the experiment, results show that the strength of the bone was compromised in acidic situations, but rather unaffected in situations where the concentration of hydrogen was basic. Even more noticeable than the change in pure tensile strength is the change in the maximum deflection before fracture.…

Before beginning any of the tests the food samples were selected and separately blended in a small blender with water. This step was necessary for the food samples to fit into test tubes. Each food sample was left in a separate beaker to await the experiments. The first step of test 1a was to prepare 6 test tubes. They were labeled by what their future contents would be. The control for this experiment was a glucose standard solution; it would test positive for reducing sugars. 1.5mL of the…

The goal of this lab was to determine the heat of fusion of ice (or water). According to Chem.Libretexts.org, Heat of fusion is where solids are heated to a specific heat capacity (The number of heat units needed to raise the temperature by 1 degrees) in order to break the bonds that are keeping them attached, which is called the attractive force. This lab also dealt with the concept of the direction in which a temperature follow. According to chemistryexplained.com, temperature is the measure…

The purpose of today’s lab was to determine how effective antacids are at neutralizing HCl. This experiment required us to place 3 antacids tablets into 3 Erlenmeyer flasks. Next we were required to add 50.00 mL of 0.500M HCl and five drops of phenolphthalein. Finally, we needed to titrate NaOH into the flasks. Each antacid brand required a different amount of NaOH in order for it to be completely titrated. The data collected from the experiment allowed each group to calculate the cost…

Conclusion At first, my hypothesis was that P-waves would move faster than S-waves. I thought this because P-waves went straight and S-waves where lobbed to the side. My hypothesis was correct, since P-waves had a more focused channel of energy unlike S-waves, which bended to the side. This causes S-waves to go slower and P-waves to go faster. When the experiment was done, P-waves averaged at .64 seconds and S-waves averaged at .68 seconds. On the P-wave experiment, I pulled the spring back…