Chemical reactions

In this lab, the guiding question is “How does the surface tension and relative intermolecular forces compare between certain substances?” In order to fully understand this guiding question, we have to know what is the surface tension and intermolecular force. The definition of surface tension is “the inward force, or pull, that tends to minimize the surface area of a liquid, and the definition of intermolecular force is the force, or pull, between the molecular which has polar…

growing on the solid substrates. It might be due to that at high or low temperature than optimum, the growth of the fungus was inhibited and hence the xylanase production was decreased (Yaun and Rugyu.,1999) Incubation temperature for enzyme substrate reaction plays a critical role in enzyme productivity (Seyis and…

of HBT. The CBNP is well adhered to the surface of HBT. This property increases the surface contact of HBT with paper and blackening effect in photocopies. 9. EDAX Analysis Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis is widely used technique to analyse the chemical composition of a material under SEM. X-ray data is processed to obtain the percentage of each measured element in the individual particles. Table. 2. Hybrid Black Toner – Case 1 Element Apprx. Conc. Intensity Corrn. Weight % Weight% Sigma…

Kinetic investigation and the Arrhenius plot The degradation of SAC in acidic, basic and oxidative mediums at different HCl (0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 M, keeping temperature 90 ºC), NaOH (0.005, 0.01 and 0.05 M, keeping temperature 40 ºC) and H2O2 (5%, 10% and 15%, keeping temperature 90 ºC) strengths was studied. Also SAC degradation was studied as a function of temperature in acidic (30, 60, 70, 90ºC and room temperature, keeping HCl strength 0.1M), basic (40, 65, 90ºC and room temperature, keeping…

3.1.3. TGA analysis Thermal gravimetric analyses (TGA) were recorded under N2 atmosphere over the temperature range of 25- 800 oC at a heating rate of 15 oC/min, to evaluate both the composition and the thermal stability of f-silica and AgNPs/f-silica. As shown in Fig. 1D the mass loss noticed between 25 oC and 180 oC represents the physically adsorbed water. Adsorbed water accounted 7.4%, 6.43% and 2.2% for f-silica, AgNPs/f-silica sample using [Ag+] = 0.005 M, and AgNPs/f-silica sample using…

Step 1 - Synthesis A mixture of compressed CO2 and ammonia under 240 bar (g) pressure is reacted to form ammonium carbamate. This is an exothermic reaction, and heat is absorbed by a boiler to produce steam. The first reactor achieves 78% conversion of the carbon dioxide to urea and the liquid is then furthurly purified. Then, the second reactor receives the gas from the first reactor and recycles the solution. Conversion of carbon dioxide to urea is approximately 60% at a pressure of 50 bar…

4.4. Physical model of the susceptibility of hot cracking for copper GTA welding Variations of the hot cracking susceptibility during copper GTA welding could be divided into the following five stages combining the internal factor with the external factors, as shown in Fig. 14: Fig. 14. Schematic of the physical model for the susceptibility of hot cracking during copper GTA welding. (I). Free crystalline region The actual line of S-L is lower compared with its corresponding theoretical line…

This experiments goal was to successfully produce ZnI2 by using Zinc Sulfate (Heptahydrate) and Barium Iodide Dehydrate, which Jessica and I did with acceptable success. The definition of acceptable success for this experiment is measured by how close our percent yield was close to the ranges provided (0-2% being considered excellent precision and etc). Our percent yield was 92 % meaning that it was an acceptable, but not exactly as close to what we wanted it to be. In order to try and figure…

Fausto B. Mariano L. Daniel E. Diego R. Ms. Gudiño Science 3B 27/OCT/15 Lab Report Osmosis -Research Question: How will uncovering the egg shell by exposing the egg to vinegar will make it possible to understand the osmosis process in action? -Background information Diffusion: It's the net movement of molecules down a concentration gradient. This process allows small molecules like water and carbon dioxide to cross the Plasma Membrane. (Movement of dense areas to less dense areas.)…

Introduction Experiment five was a two-part experiment meant to have us practice our skills and then use those skills in actual data collection and analysis. In part one we used a sample of sodium saccharinate combined with a sample of a metal halide salt, our group used copper(II) chloride. The combination of these two samples allowed for the synthesis of a metal complex. In part two of the experiment we used a procedure similar to part one in order to collect phosphorus out of a sample of…