Chemical process

4.2.1. Material: Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) PZT is a short for lead zirconate titanate inorganic compound that has a chemical formula of Pb [ZrxTi1-x] O3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1). PZT is made and composed of the two chemical elements lead and zirconium combined with the chemical compound titanate while formed under extremely high temperatures. The dielectric constant of PZT can range from 300 to 3850, depending upon orientation and doping. PZT possesses piezoelectric effect meaning that it changes shape…

hChemical kinetics deals with the rates of chemical processes. Any chemical process is considered to consist of number of one or more single-step step which are known as elementary reactions elementary processes or elementary steps. Elementary reactions may involve dissociation or isomerisation of a single reactant molecule, which is referred as unimolecular step. Also there may be a single collision between two molecules, which is referred as a bimolecular step. It should be noted that…

Discussion For the first part of the experiment, a solubility test was conducted on all compounds. Because they were all ionic, every known compound naturally dissolved in water, and conducted electricity. As the next determining factor in the process to identify the unknown substance, the compounds were tested in acetone. As seen in table 2, only one compound, Ca(NO3)2 was found to be soluble in this solvent. Because the unknown solid was insoluble in acetone, Ca(NO3)2 was then eliminated as a…

Many people think that conventional HVAC systems can filter out a chemical and biological threats if they are aerosolized. That is wrong, for a few reasons, a terrorists chemical or bio-weapon that becomes airborne is not suspect to being neutralized in a conventional HVAC system. If no chemical processes are used in the HVAC systems, such as deionization of UV light exposure to all particles passing through the systems, the weapon will still get some of the original concentration through the…

I predict that the higher the temperature of the solution the faster the reaction will take place because the particles will collide more when the temperature rises. The aim of this experiment was to test if the temperature affects the rate of reaction between hypo and dilute hydrochloric acid? How does temperature affect the rate of reaction between hypo and dilute hydrochloric acid? The kinetic particle theory explains the properties of different states of matter. The particles in solids,…

The guiding question is that which changes are examples of a chemical change and which are examples of a physical change? Our claim is that 100ml water mixed with salt paraffin wax melting are examples of physical change. While magnesium strip heated, sodium hydroxide and copper chloride mixed and hydrochloric acid added to sodium bicarbonate are chemical change. For task 1, we measure 100ml of water, weigh 5g of table salt and mix the 5g of salt and 100ml of water. Stir until change is seen.…

A chemical reaction is a process in which one or more substances, which are the reactants, are converted to one or more different substances, which are the products. The substances in a chemical reaction are either chemical elements or compounds. There are different observations that indicate a chemical reaction has taken place. Formation of precipitate, which is a solid formed in a chemical reaction. Precipitate can take place when solutions containing ionic compounds are mixed and an insoluble…

Chemistry is the study of atoms. Chemical scientists study what atoms are made of and how they connect. Atoms are the building blocks of matter. Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons and electrons. It was John Dalton who put forward his ideas and theories about atoms at the beginning of the 19th century: Dalton proposed that atoms were like tiny, hard balls (Absorb Learning, 2008). Then at the end of the 19th century JJ Thompson discovered the electron through an experiment. When JJ Thompson…

signifying there was a transfer of electrons which changed the physical appearance of the solution. In order for the reaction to be redox, a chemical substance has to be used up in the process and it has to create a new chemical substance. It also had to have a transfer of electrons between each other, if there is no transfer, then the reaction is not a redox chemical reaction. In reaction one, the magnesium reactant was oxidized because it lost electrons, whereas the oxygen reactant was reduced…

What Does Luminol Do? Luminol is used to reveal traces of blood in crime scenes, using a light producing chemical reaction, between many chemicals, and hemoglobin. It is a powdery compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen. Mixing C8H7N3O2 (luminol) with H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide), causes it to become a liquid. Hydrogen peroxide and luminol are the two main parts of this chemical reaction. To produce a strong glow, a catalyst needs to be present. A catalyst is a substance that…