Chemical potential

spatial summation (Maler and Rogers 1981). It will not fire upon input from only one T unit, it must receive synchronous input from various T units converging at the spherical cell at the same time (Maler and Rogers 1981). When this occurs, an action potential is generated. This was determined by a clever experiment in which, a fish was administer just enough anesthesia to disable its EOD (Maler and Rogers 1981). The researchers replaced its EOD with one that they produced and were able to…

Name: Institution: Course: Instructor: Date of Submission: Pendulum and spring Abstract In this lab, two systems namely a pendulum and a spring that exhibit simple harmonic motion were studied. The systems were subjected to a mass of known weight and allowed to oscillate. Afterwards, the period of each was determined. In addition, the harmonic properties in the systems and their limiting factors were determined through quantitative calculations. Introduction Any system that exhibits back and…

The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system for most living things. There are only a few animals that do not have a brain like starfish or jellyfish. The brain is located in the head. It receives messages from other organs. The brain is the most complex organ. In a human, the cerebral cortex has more than a billion neurons. Each of these neurons are connected by synapses. These synapses are connected to several thousand other neurons. Neurons communicate with one…

Figure 1. An EMG Tracing of Triceps and Biceps Muscles Co-activation. EMG signal produces an electrical activity of the muscle fibers active at a moment time. The electrical activity is measured in millivolts per milliseconds. The top channel shows the bicep EMG, while the bottom EMG correlates to the triceps contraction traces. Shown on the top graph, there are two periods of bicep activation, each last approximately 1.5ms. When the biceps are activated, it produces increasing amplitude peaks,…

violently making it difficult to determine when the car reached each location. As the car went through the track, going up into the loops it grew in height, decreasing in kinetic energy while increasing in potential energy. This caused a greater energy loss due to the significant amount of potential energy transferred into kinetic energy. For example, the inverted curve follows after the lowest point in the roller coaster, which increases the height. This acts…

What does the term neroglia mean? What are the 4 types of neuroglia cells in the CNS? Discuss this in detail. Neuroglia is a group of cells, in the nervous tissue that supports neurons that keeps the nervous system functioning and together. The 4 types of neuroglis cells of the CNS: (1.) Astrocytes are cells that support and structure cells that is a barrier for the brain through blood. (2.) Microglial cells are cells that remove dirt and attack microbes. (3.) Ependymal cells are cells that…

Explanation of EMG signals EMG stands for electromyography. Muscle fibres generate tiny electrical currents prior to the production of muscle force. These currents are generated by the exchange of ions across muscle fibres membranes, a part of the signalling process for the muscle fibres to contract. EMG is the signal made, it can be measured by applying conductive elements or electrodes to the skin surface, or invasively with the muscle. When using EMG, tiny devices named electrodes are used…

Sensation and perception work together to help the brain make sense of the world we see. There cells, called sensory receptors, are the ones that send stimulus to the brain through afferent nerves, which are responsible for carrying information to the brain and spinal cord. This process is called the bottom-up processing, and it means that the information is being sent to the brain for interpretation. Then there is top-down processing, which works opposite of bottom-up processing. To make sense…

Myelin is imperative for the functioning of adequate conduction velocity speed in axons. Myelin is made of water, lipids and proteins and appears white in color. This combination of lipids and proteins form a whitish protective cover or sheath over the axon of numerous nerve fibers. This sheath covering the axon speeds up the impulses that are being conducted, which is important in the transmission of impulses in our body. Without myelin speeding up conduction, the impulses would decelerate.…

shown all throughout the sport. There are stunts, tumbling, and jumps. Cheerleading is a sport that involves all these tasks and much more. Cheerleading consists of many concepts of physics, such as Gravity, Newton Laws of Motion, momentum, torque, potential and kinetic energy, velocity, force, gravitational acceleration, free fall. I will explain the definitions of each concept, so readers will be able to get real meaning as to why these concepts consist of cheer leading. Gravity is the force…