Chemical laser

Sterols in plants are almost completely derived from acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA). Acetyl-CoA is dimerized to acetoacetyl-CoA that then forms 3- hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) by a condensation reaction. HMG-CoA is reduced to mevalonic acid by 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR), a rate-limiting step in human isoprenoid biosynthesis. HMGR over-expression in transgenic tobacco plants resulted in increased levels of total sterols, indicating that HMGR is a limiting enzyme…

Was More Copper Created? Harshal Patel* and Isaac Cenoz Chem 111-491 Introduction: Copper is one of the most important and diverse elements found in nature all over the world because it can be chemically reacted with many other elements and compounds. The purpose of this experiment was to identify the different reactions that occurred through the lab and the different types of reactions. Throughout the lab, copper was put through series of reactions to see the different combinations and how its…

Chemistry, DePaul University, 1110 W. Belden Avenue, Chicago, IL 60614 panerjesse@yahoo.com May 1st, 2017 Abstract Green chemistry emphasizes the utilization of chemicals to their highest efficiency and reducing the production of harmful waste. This type of chemistry was initially conceived in order to reduce the damaging impact that chemical products have on the environment. Through a series of experiments known as the cyclohexanol cycle, green chemistry was observed. The first experiment of…

I performed the vinegar and baking soda experiment. The first thing that happened when I poured vinegar on top of the baking soda was an overflow of fizz and bubbles. These bubbles were the carbon dioxide escaping from the solution. White foam overflowed over the rim of the container. I felt the cup dropping temperature slightly as the reaction took place. The temperature dropped about 6 degrees Celsius. The remaining solution was a filmy and diluted. The result was sodium acetate dissolved in…

different. The products or by-products or intermediate products of these reactions are very much useful in laboratory synthesis, industry etc. here we will discuss some very much important reactions which are very important for producing some useful chemical products.  Reactions of aldehyde and ketones – Aldehydes and ketones response to many famous name reactions like Aldol condensation, Benzoin condensation, Cannizaro reaction, Pinacol-Pinacolone rearrangement, Beckmann rearrangement,…

crystal structure. Hence, as a result, we can conclude that the lower the crystal symmetry of a crystal structure is, the higher the proton transport efficiency. This increase in proton transport efficiency results in more efficient conversions from chemical energy to electric energy. This technology can be implemented in a fuel cell. No extra energy needs to be wasted in assisting in the breaking and reformation of hydrogen bonds in the Cs3H(SeO4)2 crystal. This makes Phase II of the…

The history of piezoelectricity evolution is over 120 years which was discovered by brothers Curie in 1880. They were Pierre Curie (1859-1906) and Jacques Curie (1855-1941). During the study of the generation surface electrical charge by applying pressure on some material, they found out an unusual phenomenon which was a voltage of opposite polarity was generated by pressure was applied on the crystalline minerals such as quartz. The amplitude of the generated voltage was proportional to the…

Danika Ng CHEM 1252 L Exp 12: Thermodynamic Analysis of Chemical Equilibria INTRODUCTION The reaction being done with borax and HCl is an acid base reaction. The K constant expression of the reaction is Kc = [Na^+][B4O7^-2]. A titration is needed for this experiment because when a strong acid with a known concentration is added to a weak base, the unknown concentration of the weak base can be found, which can then find the moles of the weak base, which can then find the Kc. The first law of…

Cerium is a rare earth element of the lanthanide series (atomic no. = 57– 71) of the periodic table. Among the various rare earth metals, cerium granted a hugeattention towards scientific community due to its catalytic antioxidant property. Usually, antioxidants protect cells from oxidative damage, mediated by ‘reactive oxygen species’ (ROS), which include free radicals such as superoxide anion (O2•-), hydroxyl radical (•OH), singlet oxygen (1O2) and non-free radical species like hydrogen…

Ayurveda care for Kapha type body According to Ayurveda, our body is made up of five elements namely, air, water, earth, fire and space. Kapha is a combination of the elements Water and Earth whose meaning is ‘sticky’. Our body structures are formed by the energy derived from kapha energy. It supplies the vital nutrients and liquid that are needed to life to emerge and sustain on the planet. Kapha provides the body with lubrication in physical form and structure that results in the smooth and…