Chemical element

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    Crystalline and Amorphous Solids  Solids can be divided into two classes: crystalline and amorphous. Crystalline solids have well-defined edges and faces, diffract x-rays, and tend to have sharp melting points. In contrast, amorphous solids have irregular or curved surfaces, do not give well-resolved x-ray diffraction patterns, and melt over a wide range of temperatures. Crystalline solids, or crystals, have distinctive internal structures…

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    Small: The Atomic Theory

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    categorized? All of these questions were analyzed over and over by scientist for hundreds of years, to form what is called the atomic theory. Today the atomic theory states that all matter is comprised of tiny particles called atoms, that atoms of the same element are all identical in mass and properties and cannot be created or destroyed, and that compounds are…

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    Why Is Atoms Important

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    Atoms What is so tiny that you cannot see with the naked eye, but despite their size are extremely important? Atoms are! Atoms are so important. Atoms are the building blocks of the world. They are in everything. Millions of little atoms join together to create the world and everything in it. They can also be used for other purposes not naturally, such as an atomic bomb. Atoms are critical to our survival at a whole. The history of the atom dates back to ancient times. Ancient…

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    Radon Research Paper

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    Radon is a colorless chemically-unreactive inert gas. You cannot see it, smell it or taste it. The atomic radius is 1.34 angstroms and it is the heaviest known gas. Radon is nine times denser than air. Because it is a single atom gas it easily penetrates many common materials like paper, low density plastic, most paints, and building materials like gypsum board, concrete block, wood paneling, and most insulations. Radon was discovered by Ernest Rutherford and Robert B. Owens in 1899.…

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    Despite that silicon, iron and phosphate are distinct chemical elements, quartz and iron phosphate demonstrate very similar crystal structure, and this could be achieved through altervalent substitution based on the following equation: 2Si4+ → Fe3+ + P5+ As such, every two silicon ions in quartz is replaced by one…

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    Bismuth Research Paper

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    Bismuth is the 83rd chemical in the periodic table. It is found as a natural metal on the surface of the earth. Bi has a ground state electronic configuration of [Xe]4f145d106s26p3 and trivalent and pentavalent Bi, Bi(III) and Bi(V), respectively, are the two predominant oxidation states. [27] It was discovered over a thousand years ago but was often confused with tin and lead. It is a prevalent post transition metal, which chemically resembles arsenic or antimony. Bismuth is the most naturally…

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    Research Paper John Murray like most scientists was not really appreciated while he was an alive but his discoveries were a major help after he died. He lived in a time that scientific discoveries were plentiful so it was extremely east for something like the study of oceanography to be overlooked. His discoveries lead to him being called the father of Oceanography (Sir John Murray-Founder of Oceanography). He was born in Canada in 1841 to Scottish parents. He soon moved to Edinburgh,…

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    Beryllium General Characteristics According to Hornbostel (1991), Beryllium is a hard, exceptionally, lightweight, gray-white metal, corrosion resistant at ordinary temperatures; chemically it is related to aluminum. Other than titanium, it is the only light metal which has both good strength and a high melting point. Additionally, it is a good electrical conductor, has high modulus of elasticity, exceptionally transmit x-rays and sounds at very high velocities. Moreover, it has the ability to…

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    Water is a transparent, odourless, tasteless liquid, a compound of hydrogen and oxygen freezing at 30°F or 0°C and boiling at 212°F or 100°C, that in a more or less impure state constitutes rain, oceans, lakes, rivers etc; it contain 11188% of hydrogen and 88.812% of oxygen by weight. (Dictionary.com) The Earth is surrounded by 70% of water, however, that 70% is composed of salt water and fresh water. The salt water is made up of 97% and fresh water is 3%. 2% of the fresh water is frozen up in…

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    NiCd is the chemical abbreviation for the composition of Nickel-Cadmium batteries, which are a type of secondary (rechargeable) batteries. Nickel-Cadmium batteries contain the chemicals Nickel (Ni) and Cadmium (Cd), in various forms and compositions. The nickel-cadmium battery, invented by Waldmar Jungner in 1899, offered several advantages over the then only rechargeable battery, lead acid, but the materials were expensive and the early use was restricted. Developments lagged until 1932 when…

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