Charles II of Spain

The 1641 Ulster rebellion and the 1641 Depositions: an approach to make the new use of the resource Yuto Osada The early seventeenth century was a period in which the Irish experienced deepening dissatisfaction in various spheres. As a result of oppression by the English government, the Irish lost their liberty of religion, political power, and land ownership. The Irish subsequently raised a rebellion in October 1641, turning the plight of England’s politics into an opportunity. Their atrocious…

For the first time in his adult life, Axel Oxenstierna, Chancellor of Sweden, suffered through a sleepless night. On November 6, 1632, Gustav II Adolf (also known as Gustavus Adolphus, the Latinized version of his name), the king of Sweden, fell during the Battle of Lutzen, part of the Thirty Years War (1618-1648) being fought by Sweden, France, and their allies against the Holy Roman Empire, and its allies. While Gustav had an heir in his daughter Christina, she was only 6 years old at the time…

Louis XVI reigned France from 1174 to 1792 and was characterized by financial instability. However, the lack of wealth was not depicted in the lifestyle of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette. The royals and the nobility were living in wealth and due to an unfair tax system, only the poor paid taxes. Furthermore, two decades of poor grain harvests, drought, and increasing bread prices had started unrest among peasants. A number of ill-advised financial maneuvers in the late 1700s worsened the…

wrong and their attack had failed miserably, along with the Axis powers gaining access to Allie’s penicillin. It is said that the Axis powers had gained the penicillin by Hitler’s doctor, Theodre Movell, and other high ranked officials connections to Spain, where Allies had been sending mass shipment for troops (“Hitler’s Penicillin”). Hitler had received an infection due to the failed attack and was fighting for his life. Movell had seen the positive outlooks that the Allies were having with…

signs to protect the Pope. These soldiers’ jobs originate from the Helvetian soldiers. As a great latin historian, Tacitus, said, “The Helvetians are a people of warriors, famous for the valour of their soldiers.”(4) This namesake led to Pope Julius II calling on the Swiss Cantons(Helvetians) to become “Defenders of the Church’s freedom”(4) in 1512. Since that time the Vatican has employed Swiss guards to protect the Pope, and perform ceremonial roles for the Church. The Swiss and Papal…

24). City-states of Italy were able to get money from things other that trade and mercantilism, one of which is war. Certain people hired mercenaries from different places to take money from whoever they go to war against. Even under Charles V, mercenaries from Spain and Germany were hired to attack Rome. The Renaissance happen right after the Middle Ages, so feudalism was not far in the past. Many noble families accustomed to warfare from this time period utilized their skills and power to…

provided the ability for a gradual conversion from trading presence to political presence in locations such as the Indian subcontinent, the slave coast and the gold coast. The East India Company was granted a charter in the 1600’s, however in 1670, Charles II allowed them…

in Europe marriage was controlled by the Catholic Church, and to get legal divorce the king needed permission from the pope. Catherine had heard secrets plans of her husband wanting a divorce. She sent a message to her nephew Emperor Charles V asking for help. Charles armies controlled Rome and the Pope. When Henry asked for the divorce he was denied from the pope. He was furious so he let Anne stayed in the palace, since he wasn’t able to get what he want from the pope he declared he would take…

army to Scotland, where Charles II had been acknowledged as its new king. Fairfax refused the command; so on June 25 Cromwell was appointed captain general in his place. He felt tender toward the Scots, most of whom were fellow Puritans, than toward the Catholic Irish. The campaign proved difficult, and during the winter of 1650 Cromwell was taken ill. But he defeated the Scots with an army inferior in numbers at Dunbar on September 3, 1650, and a year later, when Charles II advanced into…

John Adams John Adams was born in 1735 and died at the age of 90. He was married to Abigail Smith and their son, Quincy Adams was the sixth president of the United States of America. He was a graduate of Harvard College and a prominent attorney in Boston, Massachusetts. He was the second president of the United States of America. Before becoming president, he had served as Vice-President under George Washington. John Adams was influential in stirring up the revolt against Britain rule in…