Charles II of Spain

3.1.2. The Portuguese Restoration War (1640-1668) As Charles V married Isabella of Portugal, Portuguese was possessed by the Habsburgs through the political marriages which were traditionally implemented. Since his son, Philip II of Spain, also known as Philip the Prudent, both Spain and Portugal were considered harmonious, the usage of ‘’the Iberian Union’’ was common. However, when Philip IV of Spain began to overtax Portugal, Portuguese felt uncomfortable with the situation. In addition to…

and France had been in conflict over colonial boundaries in Acadia, northern New England, and the Ohio Valley. King George’s War had been preceded by an outbreak of fighting in Europe. The death of Charles VI, the Holy Roman Emperor, had touched off a succession crisis that pitted France, Prussia and Spain against the British. Warfare developed in the American colonies in 1744 when the French first learned on May 5, of the declarations of war on March 15, and attacked a British position at…

Kloss asserts that Diego Velázquez was “one of the greatest painters in a European century”. Perhaps the most famous painting by Velazquez is his Maids of Honor, Las Meninas, painted about 1656. It has the distinction of being probably the first painting in which a living King and a painter at work are seen together in a studio” (L36, 20:11). The subject is multifaceted; the painting is entitled Maids of Honor, referring to the princess’ maids who are attending to her, but are not the focus…

Elizabeth I gave to the troops at Tilbury. The first one, which is the aim of this analysis, is recorded by Dr Leonel Sharp in a letter to the Duke of Buckingham; it was probably written sometime after the Duke of Buckingham´s marriage expedition to Spain in 1623. The second version of the Tilbury Speech was recorded in 1612 by Wiliam Leigh, in his sermon ´Queen Elizabeth, Paraleld in Her Princely Vertues´. The third version of Elizabeth ´s speech appeared beneath the painting of ´Elizabeth at…

The governor of Florida at the time was Manuel de Cendoya, he had a stone fort built in Saint Augustine, which was ordered by his predecessor Nicolas Ponce de Leon II. After having his men collect coquina, a shell stone that is soft and hardens with air over a period, they were ready to build the fort since there was enough lime waiting at the site. The construction began on October 2, 1672, to build the Castillo de San Marcos (Fort Marion). This fort was designed to be a square shape and was…

reestablished the Church of England. She also assisted in establishing a common prayer book. She managed to not only end the war with France, but also to stay away from the two other superpowers: France and Spain. That was until 1558, when she supported the Protestant rebellion against Spain, which caused Spain to set its sights on England. Luckily, the English navy was able to defeat the Spanish Armada in 1588, therefore ending the turmoil and securing safety at long…

The two leaders believed religious tolerance was necessary because they had to unite to fight a common enemy (Spain) instead of each other. If they have religious tolerance, the two groups of Catholics and Protestants would not be enemies and only have a common enemy. Because they would not be enemies, they would have been able to successfully revolt against Spain quicker. The authors of Document 4 stated that, “Any person [in] matters of faith, religion, or God’s worship… nothing having…

the Catholic Church and reformers such as Martin Luther and John Calvin set out to change the church. Once Luther had seen this major corruption, he started to travel through Europe proclaiming his beliefs and criticizing the papacy. Pope Leo X and Charles V worked together to punish Luther but the Germanic states helped to hide Luther. Protestantism quickly spread to these Germanic states and throughout the rest of Europe. This marked the beginning of a huge religious movement that started the…

place of widespread literacy, trade and progress. Through the rise of Charles V and the grand tour of his heir apparent Prince Philip of Spain, the empire which ruled over The Netherlands finally had come to grasp with the innovativeness and unique culture that the region supported, “Spanish visitors were also impressed by the political and economic strength of the Low Countries.” However, it was the eventually abdication of Charles V, during the Protestant reformation that caused difficult…

Portugal, was dominated by one of the richest and most intellectually powerful civilizations in the world, the Muslims. It would take Europeans until 1492, with the help from Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile and their Reconquista and Inquisition, to expel the Moors from Spain. Immediately after, their expulsion ushered in the Spanish “discovery” of the New World which would forever impact Western Civilization. But we all know how that story goes. I would like to posit a new…