Charles B. Rangel

The primitively social behavior of Euglossa cordata (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Euglossini): a view from the perspective of kin selection theory and models of reproductive skew. The evolution of social behavior is perhaps one of the most controversial topics of biology, since the emergence of such behavior implies the evolution of altruistic traits that reduce the chance of reproduction (fitness) of individuals, through Natural Selection ( Freeman & Herron, 2009). Currently, there are models that link…

When, in the course of human events, people debate a variety of topics, but some ideas become foggier rather than clear when the information is debated. The scientific theory that is Darwinism is often debated against the creation account in Genesis, or the faith-based theory. Darwin’s theory of evolution juxtaposed against the Genesis creation account allows for one to believe fully in only one of these creation accounts when discussing the creation of man, despite having other beliefs on…

Microbiology in itself is such a vital field which contributes and continuously defines the world in which we live in. Charles Darwin once stated “Each living creature must be looked at as a microcosm--a little universe, formed of a host of self-propagating organisms, inconceivably minute and as numerous as the stars in heaven” (Goodreads, 2015). I really liked this quote because I think it explains the vastness that microbiology possesses. We tend to look at the world seeing one individual…

In the literature, different equations are used to calculate the energy requirement for birds (Emmans, 1974, Peguri and Coon, 1988, NRC, 1994, Sakomura et al., 1993, 2006), the factorial model has been the basis for the elaboration from these models, estimating the requirements consider the differences in weights, body composition, potential for growth and production of the animals, as well as the environment. The factorial method is based on the principle that the requirement in energy or…

According to Easthope, the concept of hybridity could be generally understood from three aspects—“biology, ethnicity and culture” (Easthope 341). Its etymology, “hybrida” that derives from biology, means a “genetic component”—two species could produce the offspring inherited some characters from, but not being any one of, both species. Its ethnical meaning refers to “an individual ‘having access to two or more ethnic identities’,” which, in Easthope’s sense, has its own limitations, for it…

Gift Giving – Among Hobbits it’s custom for the one who is celebrating their birthday to give presents to their guests. A theory I favour is that this custom has its origins from when the Hobbits still dwelled in the upper vales of the river Anduin and Sméagol (later called Gollum) murdered his brother over the One Ring. The details of that story were lost to the Hobbits, but the custom remained to remember that giving is always better than taking. Nori, of course, doesn’t have a clue about any…

1.9.1.1. Dickens and Austin’s Focus Additionally, the Dickensian style is giving a sort of distorting manner in the use of language in its different forms intertwining the latter with the numerous devices offered by literary aspect of the work, resulting in a figurative language of high level through the voice of the narrator, wherein another form of it seems to occur in the dialogic representation of characters and their expressed voices, something that is neither rule-based language, nor…

I think that malls charging kids to see Santa is just wrong. Ultimately I think it is wrong because kids want to see Santa, the malls are doing it to get money because the business is down, but also they are ruining kids Christmases because if a parent can't afford the “Adventure to Santa” interactive their kid can't see Santa. What happened to when Santa was out in the open sitting on what to most kids is a magical throne that only he can use? Why does Santa have to be secluded? I think that…

A fifty year old man huddles in an old pickup truck, his ankles are wrapped in old socks and rags that can be seen scattered throughout the truck. There is a half used role of duct tape that he uses to attach a pen to his gnarled hand while he writes. Words and incoherent sentences are scrawled across pages and pages of a yellow legal pad. All of the letters that he writes are directed to the NFL about problems that they have ignored, pushed aside out of greed for money. A light flickers in the…

Studies on how altruistic vigilance influence the dispersion of a population The motivations of movement through space for herbivores are different from carnivores, for example. As an outcome, the reasons behind an animal spread are numerous. Several biological factors that influence the movement include the preference towards a resource, the presence of home range or the escape from preying. There is an extensive amount of work in mathematical biology about the effects of distinct behaviours…