Cesare Beccaria

justice were unjust to those who may be innocent and that it was an incomplete system. During the 17th century those who opposed torture grew in number starting with “Johann Graefe in 1624 who published Tribunal Reformation, a case against torture. Cesare Beccaria, and Italian lawyer, published in 1764 An Essay on…

Samuel Yochelson and Stanton Samenow More contemporary promoters of a particular criminal personality are the psychiatrist Samuel Yochelson and the clinical psychologist Stanton Samenow (1976), who, profess to have challenged persuading economic and sociological theories of crime causation, on the foundations of their fourteen-year remedial work with 240 intransigent criminals and offending cases at St. Elizabeth’s Hospital for the criminally certified in Washington D.C. In a comeback of initial…

The application of the death penalty as a form of punishment for various capital offences has been a matter of debate for many years. In this essay, I will concentrate on murder convicts and argue that the death penalty is non-excessive on the grounds of retributivism and general deterrence. This form of punishment is in line with the concept of proportionality as the criminal deserves to be punished in proportion to the severity of the crime and the marginal deterrence produced is also…

The Death Penalty laws were first mentioned in the Code of Hammurabi, dating back to 1700 BC. Numerous different empires and countries used the death penalty for consequences of crime. Although many countries began to abolish the death penalty, the United States did not. During the colonial era is when the United States first began using Capital Punishment. In the early 16th century in the Jamestown, Virginia Captain George Kendall was hanged for the capital offense of treason. There were also…

News.Com.Au (2015) reported that on Tuesday 8th September, a Gold Coast woman, Tara Brown, had her car run off the road to the extent it was flipped over on to it’s roof by her former boyfriend Lionel Patea. After he hit her car he continued to beat her with a cast iron water hydrant whilst she was stuck upside down in the car. Brown died in hospital not long after due to her injuries. Lionel Patea was the former sergeant at arms of the Bandido’s Outlaw Motorcycle Club on the Gold Coast. Tara…

Creative Corrections Prison has been around since the beginning of time and has played various roles throughout its history. To understand how copying and creativity have influenced our corrections system we must understand how crime and punishment have been dealt with in the past. Through analyzing the history behind prisons and punishment we can see how copying and creativity has made its mark on the idea of prison. Copying and creativity have played an active role in shaping the western…

For years contemporary philosophers have contemplated the implication of a political philosophy known as Utilitarianism. Utilitarianism is a concept that can be encapsulated by both of its unique tenets, ecstasy and consequentialism. When I speak of ecstasy, I am referring to the notion of nearly complete happiness. The word ‘Ecstasy’ seems to convey a stronger meaning of the concept of happiness. So, from here on I shall use the word ‘Ecstasy’ when referent to happiness. When I speak of…

Organized crime takes place all over the world, and it is often characterized by a group of well-organized criminals, who work jointly in committing unlawful activities. The crime is always well coordinated with an aim of avoiding possible identification and arrests of the perpetrators. Similar to any other country in the world, gangs are very prevalent in the United States of America. As a part analysis of gangs and organized crime committed by criminals, a historical case study of a leader of…

Cesare Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham were the founders of the classical theory phenomenon (Piliavin, 1986). The concept was based on several principles, which entailed three main ideologies; free will, where actions are based on one’s own rationality (Burke 2014), more so punishment should apply to the crime as opposed to the criminal, as the theorists believed that a certainty in punishment would deter both the public and criminal (Akers 1999). The perspective adopted throughout will focus on the…

Introduction For several years now, sexual offences have often come to the fore in the media due to their heinous nature (ref), particularly child sex offences. As a result of this exposure, there have been several studies done in several contexts- whether it is to establish characteristics of a Child Sex offender (Xavier et al., 2008; Becerra-Garcia et al., 2013; Olivia, 2013). Or to establish what intervention or treatment programs work best to minimise these occurrences (Wilcox et al., 2014;…