Cerebrum

The corpus callosum is an area of the brain that connects the left and right hemispheres in order allow communication throughout different sections of a brain. This acts as the main communication pathway in order to coordinate different sections of the brain to perform various tasks. Proper development of this portion of the brain is vital to ensure that no major abnormalities may cause possible issues in longterm development. If it fails to develop by either not being able to grow properly or…

The hippocampus is belongs to the limbic system and it is located in the medial temporal lobe of the brain (Squire & Zola-Morgan, 1991). It has the function of regulating the emotions of individual and also plays an important role in spatial navigation. Besides that, hippocampus plays an important role in the storage of both explicit and declarative memories. Therefore, it is being described as the conscious recall of facts and events (Eichenbaum, 1999; Maguire, Burgess & O’Keefe, 1999; Squire,…

Dementia affects an estimated 3.8 million people around the world. It is most common in the ages of sixty five-years and older. It is also the sixth leading cause of death in people of the United States, and the fifth leading cause in people over the age of sixty-five. Dementia can start early, and be a very slow process that is evident throughout the rest of the patient’s lives. There are currently no cures for dementia, but there are treatments to help some of the symptoms that go along…

fMRI can be either task based or can be resting state (rs-fMRI). This review focuses on the rs-fMRI and its vascular disease diagnosis and analysis. rs-fMRI is a study of low spontaneous frequency fluctuations (~ 0.01-0.1Hz) brain activity. rs-fMRI analysis is when the brain is at rest and doing nothing. A resting-state pattern is observed in the areas where there is a high possibility of overlap in functionality and neuroanatomy. For instance, motor, visual and auditory network . This helps us…

Fear is by far the most driving force behind the evolution of humanity and of all other species. Fear is the single strongest force behind humanity and its survival because fear is what stops people from doing something that could harm or kill them. Fear is the most powerful chemical reaction in the brain, requiring more chemicals and less time to register then thoughts or memories and lasting much longer. Fear affects everyone in some way, and some much more cripplingly then others. Fear has…

Alzheimer’s is a common neurodegenerative disease that accounts for the majority of all cases of dementia (Advokat, Comaty & Julien, 2014). Although the exact cause of Alzheimer’s is unknown, it is hypothesized that two systems crucial for the communication between brain cells fail due to the down regulation of acetylcholine and the over activation of glutamate, which result in the death of neurons (IOS Press, 2008). It is believed to involve the irreversible loss of cholinergic neurons,…

The choroidal arteries are deep cerebral arteries that supply deep structures in the brain. The anterior choroidal artery is a branch of the internal carotid and it supplies the choroid plexus in the lateral ventricles, parts of the visual pathway, the putamen, the thalamus, and the hippocampus. The posterior choroidal artery is a branch of the posterior cerebral artery. It supplies blood to the choroid plexus of the third ventricle and parts of the thalamus and hippocampus. An occlusion of…

Student Name: Lucy Yarnold Topic: Neuroanatomy Paper Title: Jeuring, R., Van Driessche, K., Bosseler, L., Devries, C., Vanhaesebrouck, A., Gielen, I., Oevermann, A. and Chiers, K. (2012) 'Intracranial oligodendroglioma with optic nerve infiltration in a Labrador retriever '13, Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijdschrift, 81(5), 298-302. [4] Clinical condition and description of presentation: A Labrador retriever was presented with complaints of behavioural changes, starting 4 weeks previously. These…

As I look at teenagers from my adult perspective I have often find myself wondering, “What are they thinking?”. Teenagers seem to have a reputation for being impulsive and not the best decision makers and it now looks like there may be some science that can explain such behaviors. Both the article written by Sarah Spinks and the text book Invitation to the Lifespan offer insight into what may be really going on inside a teenagers’ head. It turns out it may just be all in the brain.…

All my life, I’ve always wondered, why? Why do I stammer? Is it something wrong with me? I know that I was born that way because unlike many people, stammering didn’t only occur when I was stressed or in an unconformable situation. I stuttered every time I tried to speak. No matter how hard I tried to control my speech flow, I couldn’t help it. It was natural. My relatives tried to help me, to cure me fof my speech disorder but they failed. They didn’t have patience with me. They believed that…