Cerebrospinal fluid

In an ordinary state, the volume of the cranial cavity, which is approximately 1700 ml, is occupied with three components: brain tissue (80%), cerebrospinal fluid (10%) and blood (10%). It varies with age, body position. An adult human being, when lying down, has a neutral value of intracranial pressure between 7-15 mm Hg [3,9,11] (pressure value expressed by a height of mercury column) which corresponds…

Unfortunately there has not been a specific test, or even a trial period, for definitive diagnosis of ALS. The only way to diagnose a series of physical neurological examinations and tests are to test them in many ways, which are actually intended to reject the assumption of a person with similar illnesses. There are many other illnesses that have symptoms like Alzheimer's disease (Steinberg et al. 2012). To diagnose ALS, a neurologist performs an electromyogram test. This test is used to…

Abstract Due to oxytocin’s impact on bone restoration in maternal skeletons, it has been discovered that the same concept is not limited to pregnant women. Research has led scientists to believe that there is a wide range of uses for the oxytocin hormone with their role being heavily relied on by the aid of bone metabolism in osteoporosis. Osteoporosis results in a decrease of bone metabolism from a decrease in bone density and bone mass. Numerous studies have suggested that a link between…

Every day a person finds he or she has more work with less time to do that work, but is sacrificing the sleep worth it? Sleep is an important aspect of life and without it one will find uncomfortable and eventually unbearable consequences. Although some may believe that they have the ability to train their bodies to require less sleep, it is impossible. The body needs sleep to regenerate certain parts of the body, especially the brain. After periods of time with little to know sleep one will…

Introduction: Epidemiology: Sepsis is a significant public health burden with increasingly high incidence and mortality rates. In 2010, an estimated 5.1% of deaths were attributed to sepsis in the United Kingdom. Consequently, it is a leading cause of admission to intensive care units (ICU), delays in hospital discharge and a significant cost to the economy. Therefore, it is imperative to raise awareness and prepare clinicians with the knowledge and guidance to embark on the global movement…

Molecular mechanisms such as synaptic transmission is essential to the process of learning, memory consolidation, and reconsolidation. When a significant event occurs, memories are learned and stored by consolidation. These memories can then be retrieved and returned. You could compare the process of consolidation and reconsolidation to a simple action, like taking milk out of the fridge for example. After returning from the store you place the milk in your fridge where it is unharmed and at a…

The best way to diagnose MS is via MRI, which can show the plaques on the brain. Another reliable test used to diagnose MS is a spinal tap to evaluate cerebrospinal fluid. Most people with MS will have abnormal results from this test. Since there is no known cure, a variety of treatments are available to help slow down the progression of MS. Taking immunosuppressive drugs reduces the body’s defensive immune response…

I choose the article “Hidden Epidemic: Tapeworms Living Inside People’s Brains” by Carl Zimmer. I picked this particular article because I thought it was interesting to learn about the effects tapeworms can have on a person’s brain and the things tapeworms can cause that people do not usually hear about. This relates to the class because we talked about tapeworms and their effects on humans. We also talked about how people get them and how long they can stay in the body. In maryland, a doctor…

He argued that the mind is responsible for thinking processes while the body is responsible for much of life’s functions, including movements. This suggested that some movements are not a result of the mind, but rather a reflex of the body. He ultimately established that the brain is important for behavior and thinking. This further supported Descartes claim that the mind and body are separate and fueled later research on the nervous system and its relationship to the mind and brain. It can…

1.) Susan is postmenopausal, so there is a higher risk for osteoporosis. She is also not on hormone replacement therapy. Estrogen helps preserve bone mass by inhibiting bone dissolving action of the osteoclast. However, Susan is also active and exercises regularly, so she is less likely to have osteoporosis. Other factors such as bone cancer could have led to the weakening of her bones. 2.) If Susan had bone cancer, the CT scan would reveal the presence of a tumor. The densitometry scan would…