Cerebral cortex

[29]. Arsenic exposure can alter epigenetic regulations and the signaling of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA). However, in the present study arsenic was not able to manifest any significant alteration in the DNA laddering pattern in cerebral cortex and cerebellum…

1. Discuss what a neuron is and the functions of its basic parts (dendrites, soma, axon, myelin sheath). A neuron is a nerve cell. There are about 10,000 specific types of neurons, but there are three most common neurons: sensory, motor, and interneurons. A sensory neuron sends signals to help your brain understand what is going on around you in your environment. Sensory neurons are what make up your senses, (smell, touch, see, taste, and hear.)…

goes on the substance changes the brain, specifically the limbic system, and causes the craving that is known as addiction. The substance abuse also damages the cerebral cortex, the area of the brain that uses logic and reason. Therefore, despite a person knowing that the substance is harmful to them, the limbic craving overrides the cerebral cortex’s logical argument against it. Addictive drugs affect the dopamine centers in the brain which causes the brain produces less dopamine…

you can also take into account the brains abnormality. (Bear, 2004) The cerebral cortex is the main portion of the brain that is studied, it is divided into two hemispheres and four lobes; frontal; parietal; temporal and occipital. So the the frontal and temporal lobe deal with goal directed behavior impulses and emotions when studying aggression and violence. MRI scans have shown that dysfunction with the prefrontal cortex and a reduced prefrontal grey matter has been associated with…

elaborate forebrain motor commands in some routine, unchanging way. This notion of treating the immense number of neurons in the cerebellum—in particular, the granule cells—as a reservoir of modifiable elements continues to permeate theories of cerebellar cortex to this day. Following this lecture, Giles began working out the computational features of modifiable synapses in order to explain the basic properties of classical and operant conditioning. Between the work of behaviorists like Pavlov…

a region of cerebral cortex, known as gustatory cortex. Human neuroimaging studies show that a small number of neurons in the gustatory cortex represent taste quality (Schoenfield et al., 2004). From gustatory cortex, taste signals are transmitted to the secondary gustatory cortex, also known as orbifrontal cortex. Sensory modalities of taste, vision, and olfaction are proposed to converge in this region and construct the perception of flavor. Neurons of the secondary gustatory cortex are also…

In the Middle Ages, they could only justify abnormal behavior as being possessed by a demon or the devil, currently it's often blamed on mental illness. The thought of mental illness has changed through these numerous years. "People who go to therapy are crazy, I'm not crazy!" is a sentence many people in the United States voice. Sadly, they aren't aware how much therapy can positively impact someone's life, and how many methods of therapy have been created over the years. Some of the most known…

What is the central nervous system? It’s a system which consists of the nerves in the brain and spinal cord. It gathers information about and reacts to internal and external stimulus. Don’t Shoot the Messenger Much of the CNS is made up of neurons. Each neuron has a cell body, which includes a soma with a nucleus, a nucleolus, a cytoplasm called the perikaryon, and wide branching extensions called dendrites. Dendrites are like antennae which receive signals from other neurons or body cells.…

alleviate symptoms, too. The three phases of deglutition in order are the voluntary phase, pharyngeal phase, and the esophageal phase. Each phase has various neural involvement. During the voluntary phase, the temporal lobes and motor cortex of the cerebral cortex are involved (McKinley 1031). The voluntary phase is characterized by forming the chewed food into a ball (now called a “bolus”) and moving it towards the rear of the mouth. Now begins the pharyngeal phase. This phase is…

developing the disease is greatly increased with age (Porth, 959). Pathophysiology Older adult patients customarily have less brain weight than a younger person thus elderly people have an increased amount of space in the skull. As aging continues the cerebral sulci widen in turn narrowing the gyri and enlarging the ventricles in the brain. Alzheimer’s causes an accelerated reaction compared to person the same age without the disease.…