Cerebellum

three days later you’re there doing the same thing.” Gooden describes a loss of control, which Gilpin and Koob explain may be caused by “substantial reductions in the volumes of many brain structures in human alcoholics” in the prefrontal cortex and cerebellum, which have “central roles in executive functions, such as decisionmaking [sic].” They follow this revelation with its implications, which are vast: those deficits in executive functions may “impact motivational circuits, impairing the…

Reality: Is it virtual? I am writing about reality and the philosophical nature therein of what is, what isn 't, and what could be. Rationalism According to Descartes we know certain truths innately and we have some kind of ability to grasp these truths intellectually. John Tierney 's "Our lives controlled by some guy on a couch" is both an interesting and troubling notion as it questions free will and reality at the most basic levels. What is reality? According to Descartes we know that…

Marijuana is the most commonly used illegal drug in the United States and it is known to be green and dried shredded plants called Cannabis sativa also known as a hemp plant (NIDA 2016). The most common user of Marijuana are young adults and adolescents typically in either middle or high school (NIDA 2016). Marijuana is known for many slang terms such as weed, pot, bud, ganja, Mary Jane and can be smoke by rolling it in a cigarette called a joint, smoked through a pipe, bongs, or smoke in a…

see irregularities of the bony spine or a bulging at the fetal back. After the 12th week, it is possible to detect the lemon sign and the banana sign. The lemon sign is an indentation of the frontal bone. The banana sign refers to a banana shaped cerebellum due to a shallow posterior fossa (McLone, & Bowman, 2016a). Other findings that indicate spina bifida are ventriculomegaly, microcephaly, and effacement of the cisterna magnum ( McLone, & Bowman, 2016a) Myelomeningoceles are usually obvious…

1. Introduction The second trimester scan is a routine ultrasound examination in many countries that is primarily used to assess fetal anatomy and detect the presence of any fetal anomalies. The second trimester extends from 13 weeks and 0 days to 27 weeks and 6 days of gestation although the majority of these studies are performed between 18 and 23 weeks. (Chudleigh & Thilaganathan, 2004) 2. Patient’s history The patient is a 31 year old pregnant female, with unsure dates of her last menstrual…

All psychologists make different assumptions about the qualities of a person. According to (Gross 2010) We see this by looking at the theoretical approaches to psychology also known as the four major schools of thought such as the psychoanalytic approach, the behaviourist approach, cognitive approach, and the biological approach. Sigmund Freud (1856 – 1989) was the founder of the Psychoanalytic approach. He was influenced through his work with Breuer (1842- 1925) and Charcot (1885). Freud used…

From evidence gathered in the above studies, it is clear that if children are actively engaged in learning music, there will be quantifiable changes in areas of the brain used when playing music such as the auditory and motor cortices. These changes are sustained into adulthood as seen in adult musicians who have continued to use the skills they learned as a child and benefit from the increase in size and connectivity of regions critical for playing music. It should also be noted that in all…

1.2. Brain Development Brain development starts at the embryonic period, more specifically at the fifth week of pregnancy. Figure 1.1 illustrates the timeline of pregnancy by weeks and months of GA (16). In the first months of pregnancy and before birth, the brain experiences the most development and changes in shape, size and structure (17, 18). Most significantly, changes occur in the size of the brain and in the cortical folding. Growth continues rapidly until the brain is two to three years…

1) Biological Determinism a) One danger of believing that ADHD is biologically deterministic is that stimulant medication becomes more “easily justified and emphasized, while [other intervention methods] become less valued” (Diller, 1996, p.309). This means that whenever there is a patient that is diagnosed with ADHD, the doctor will immediately turn to prescription medication to treat the disorder. This can cause problems for the patient because the medication may not be treating the actual…

Cases: 1. A 13-year-old male presents with a two-year history of progressive weaknesses in both upper and lower extremities. He finds it difficult to lift heavy objects off a shelf. When sitting on the floor he has to hold onto objects such as a chair to pull himself up. On examination, there is significant wasting of muscles in the shoulders, upper arms, and hips. There is significant weakness on muscle testing (i.e., the patient is unable to exert a normal force with muscle contraction). On…