Centrifugation

6.3. A. Microemulsions (135-143) Microemulsions are clear, stable, isotropic mixtures of oil, water, and surfactant, frequently in combination with a cosurfactant 135-137. Microemulsions have several advantages such as enhanced drug solubility, good thermodynamic stability, and higher transdermal permeability over conventional formulations 138,139. Many studies reported the use of microemulsions as topical drug delivery vehicles showed their ability to improve transdermal and dermal delivery…

Section 1: Effects of “Swim with the Turtles” Tourist Attractions on Green Sea Turtle (Chelonia mydas) Health in Barbados, West Indies Kimberly Stewart, Terry Norton, Harwich Mohammed, Darren Browne, Kathleen Clements, Kirsten Thomas, Taylor Yaw, and Julia Horrocks Section 2: Green sea turtles tend to change their diets as they age. Green sea turtles start life as omnivores in pelagic water, but once their carapace length reaches 20 to25cm they move to coastal regions; their diet, then shifts…

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Generalities PCR is a method developed in 1985 by Kary Mullis and to obtain, by coupling a heat-resistant DNA polymerase and without cloning, amplification of a fragment of DNA known. Initially, DNA polymerase was isolated from a bacterium thermophilne (resistant to significant increases in temperature), as Thermus aquaticus (Taq polymerase). Currently, we use recombinant enzymes, whose; elaboration is easier and greater efficiency. The general principle of PCR is…

Methods and materials Cell culture medium Making cell culture medium, requires two processes, this includes the medium that has PSG and other without the PSG. 15 ml of 10% FBS was added into a culture flask with 1.5 ml 100x hippos. The culture flask was filled with DMEM up to 150 ml and this will be the medium without the PSG and this process completed the medium without the PSG. The same procedure was followed for the PSG medium, 1.5 ml of PSG was added and that completed the medium with PSG.…

2.13.3. Isolation and identification of IBDV: Isolation of IBDV in chicken embryos: For initial isolation of IBDV the CAM was more sensitive route than the yolk and allantoic sac routes. Gross lesions observed in embryo were edematous distention of the abdominal region, cutaneous congestion and petechial hemorrhages, particularly along feather tracts, occasional hemorrhages on toe joints and in cerebral region, mottled-necrosis and ecchymotic hemorrhages in the liver (latter stages) pales…

The future of what citizens thought would be years from now, is now becoming today. The idea of determining the gender of a child has not always been an option. When technology was created to allow parents to choose their child’s sex is when the contention came about. Some believe sex selection is an appropriate choice. On the other hand, others think couples shouldn’t have the option because it’s experimental and messes with the course of natural selection. Either way, gender determination…

Chapter 4 - Discussion A standard curve of p-nitrophenol was drawn at the start of the project, before any enzyme assay of the fractions. The standard curve is set up so the equation of the line can be used to measure the enzyme activity in each sample fraction. P-nitrophenol shows a linear relationship with acid phosphatase. An Enzyme assay gives the activity levels of acid phosphatase in each fraction. The results from each fraction were placed into the equation of the line from the standard…

1. Introduction Hydroxynitrile lyases (HNL, EC 4.1.2.x) are enzymes which mediate the release of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and aldehyde or ketone from cyanohydrins [1]. These HNL catalyse enantioselective synthesis and cleavage of cyanohydrins [2]. The cyanohydrins and their derivatives are finding wide applications in industries like pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and cosmetics since these can be readily converted into other important molecules like α-hydroxy carboxylic acids, α-hydroxy ketones…

The popularity of fruits may be attributed to consumer perception of their health benefits; they are important source of vitamins and carbohydrates and are also rich in dietary fibres as well as phytonutrients, especially antioxidants (Phisut, N., n.d.). So as an alternative to carbonated drinks, consumers start looking for healthier drinks such as fruit juices, apple juice for example. Apples reduce the risk of colon, prostate and lung cancer. The fibers contained in apples lower cholesterol, a…

aspects of ensuring that the electronics wastes are reduced by recycling them and making other products from them (Ahluwalia $ Nema, 2007). Various methods are used to ensure that the recycling process happens, for example; osmosis, condensation, centrifugation among others. Through this processes, the products obtained will of considerable assistance in obtaining the next best product (Ahluwalia $ Nema, 2007). iv. Sustainable product design –The designs that incorporate excessive hazardous…