Centrifugation

4.1 Maintenance and sub-culturing of endophytic fungi The cultures were procured from already maintained repository in laboratory. The maintenance of the cultures involved preparation of Potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates, sub culturing of cultures and long term preservation. 4.1.1 Preparation of PDA (Potato dextrose agar) plates 39g of PDA was dissolved in 1000 ml double distilled water, stirred to mix properly and was transferred into 250 ml Erlenmeyer flasks and autoclaved at 121˚C at 15…

Three 3X3” plant pots labelled as A, B, and C were used during our experiment. Each pot contained standard soil media with basic nutrients, and 3 Arabidopsis seeds. All pots were watered with appropriate Hoagland’s Solution formulation three times per week over the next 4 weeks. Pot A (phosphate limitation group) was given a phosphate reduced Hoagland’s solution, whereas Pot B (nitrogen limitation group) was watered with nitrate reduced Hoagland’s solution. Pot C (control) is the control plant…

Anoxybacillus flavithermus AK1 is a thermophilic bacterium that is able to survive at temperatures ranging from 55 to 60°C. The AK1 strain was isolated from the hot spring “Al-Ain Alhara” located at a distance of 50 km southeast of the city of Gazan, Saudi Arabia. This study presents the morphological characterization of A. flavithermus AK1, includinga detailed description of its complete genome sequence. A total of 50 contigs were used to produce a genome sequence of 2,630,664bp that includes 2…

Nanocrystals (NCs) are interesting material, as their electrical and optical properties can be tuned by tuning their size or surface area. They have diverse applications in electrical devices. Nanocrystal thin film transistors (NC TFTs) have been intensively researched, because of their low-temperature processability.1,2 Colloidal NCs are synthesized in a liquid solution containing some stabilizing organic molecules, broadly termed as surfactants, which are bulky and insulating ligands. The…

Lactate dehydrogenase was assayed according to the method of King (1965) [21]. Reagents required: 1. 0.1 M glycine buffer: 7.5 g of glycine and 5.85 mg of sodium chloride were dissolved in one litre of distilled water. 2. Buffered substrate: 2.76 g of lithium lactate was dissolved in 125 ml of glycine buffer containing 75 ml of 0.1 N sodium hydroxide solution. This was prepared just before use. 3. 0.4 N NaOH. 4. 5.0 mg of NAD+ was dissolved in 1.0 ml of distilled water just before use. 5.…

Chemistry: Enasidenib is a first in class, a selective allosteric inhibitor of mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase-2 (IDH2) inhibitor discovered at Agios Pharmaceutical, Inc. in the United States of America. Recently, on 1 August 2017, Celgene Corporation and Agios Pharmaceutical in cooperation won the approval for Enasidenib under brand name IdhifaTm for the treatment of relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia. it is a white to off-white crystalline, non hygroscopic powder existing in…

The residue after hexane extraction was then extracted with 20 mL of 50% (v/v) methanol in water and ultrasonicated for 20 min. The mixture was transferred to a centrifuge tube followed by centrifugation at 4000 rpm for 10 min. The supernatant was filtered once and transferred to another tube prior to the determination of hydrophilic antioxidant activity. The lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidant activity was measured in triplicates for each…

The optimized PF0 encapsulated hybrid NCs formulation was achieved by a two-step process (Fig 1) using nanoprecipitation and subsequently coating with chitosan. In Step-I, the nanoprecipitation technique was used to prepare PF0 loaded BSA NCs (PF0-ANC). In this nanoprecipitation technique, acetone was used as a desolvent [40]. Varying concentrations of PF0 solutions (125µM - 375µM) and BSA solution (156.25µM – 468.75µM) (Table 1) were mixed in a glass vial. The PF0 BSA solution was then added…

Uranium and its decay products can be found in the environment through a wide array of anthropogenic activities such as mining, nuclear and power generation industries and the production of phosphate fertilizers .(Sprynskyy et al. 2011) They pose a severe, long term ecological and public health threat (Khani 2011, Landa 2003) and therefore there is a considerable effort in the removal of these pollutants before their final discharge in the environment, as well as their recovery as an energy…

AO FS techniques. Deposit was cultured on LJ medium and BACTEC. Of 178 TB suspects, 36 (20.2%) were CP by either solid or liquid culture. Direct ZN staining detected 22 of 36 cases, and direct AO FS smears detected 26 of 36 cases. NaOCl and USP centrifugation techniques detected 24 cases each, providing no incremental yield beyond direct smears. When compared with combined culture, pretreated smears were not more sensitive than direct smears [66.6% versus 61.1% (ZN staining) or 72.2% (AO FS)]…