Centrifugation

plasmid without any damage to the DNA. The formation of the clear lysate was essential because it allowed us to isolate the bacterial cells from removed media and later expose the DNA. Resuspension solution helped to resuspend the cells, after centrifugation, and prepare the cells for lysis solution. The lysis solution functions to degrade the cell membrane and spill its components. Then the Alkaline Protease functioned as the inhibitor of any DNases and denatured dsDNA to ssDNA shortly, by…

A freshman taking a Dying Environment class believes that blood is a substance; however, he or she is incorrect. Substances and mixtures are both types of matter that act in different ways. A mixture is a combination of two or more substances that are not combined chemically. Furthermore, substances cannot be separated by physical means, whereas mixtures can. Because it contains many substances that can be separated through physical means after being combined, blood is a mixture instead of a…

dehydrogenase (SDH) in various solutions, specifically those containing and not containing a reagent. The assigned reagent was malonate, which was previously hypothesized to be an inhibitor of SDH. Bovine liver was manipulated primarily through centrifugation, and mitochondrial fractions were then created to serve as the enzyme-rich solutions the reagent would act upon. To determine the protein concentration of the mitochondrial fraction, the Bradford assay was implemented; the result will…

In order to look at Ribosomes clearly and discover their function, they need to be separated from the cell and other organelles. Fractionation is the process of breaking the cells. Firstly, the tissue is added to a solution which is ice cold, with the same water potential as the cells, and with the same PH as the cells. This has the purpose of preserving the cells so they do not rot. This solution is then homogenized, this is essentially blending the solution so the cells break open. There are…

A single cell cannot grow larger and larger indefinitely because on a cellular level and metabolic level, a cell requires essential provisions, cell-to-cell communication, and transport of molecules/nutrients. The outside of a cell grows slower than the inside of a cell. If a single cell were to continuously grow the outside layer of the cell would not be able to keep up. The larger a cell is, the more difficult it is to transport nutrients and oxygen from outside of the cell into the inside of…

Using qualitative analysis, two cations in an unknown solution was identified. After repeated mixing, centrifugation, and decanting, lead was confirmed in Part A and barium in Part B. In Part C, different colored flames of metal species were observed using cation flame tests. Formula unit, total ionic, and net ionic equations were then composed for the identified cations. If the experiment were to be repeated, step 13 could be ommitted as barium was already confirmed in step 12 with the…

from one another by its content. In this lab, the cells from a cauliflower were studied with the purpose to separate nuclei and mitochondria content from a solution. To achieve the results, the cauliflower solution had to go through differential centrifugation, microscopy, and succinate dehydrogenase assay. For the fist part of the lab density played a key role in the separation of the cells content because mitochondria and nuclei are very different in size, mitochondria is approximately ten…

forming units (CFU) and normalized for varying protein concentrations in the tissue homogenate. Cytokine level measurement Liver tissue was homogenized and suspended in PBS containing protease inhibitors (sigma). Supernatants were collected after centrifugation (10,000 rpm for 5 min) and the levels of cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-17A were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA; ebiosciences)21. Immunofluorescence The fixed colon sections were deparaffinized with xylene and…

Strongyloides stercoralis is the nematode parasite (round worm) , found in north America , Montreal ,Chicago and the various area in the world. The worm length is 2mm and cusses Strongyloidesis disease .The parasite have tow complex life cycle , free life cycle in the soil (without host) and parasite infection inside the host . The worm capable to causes the autoinfection and reproduction within the host . larva found in the stool from intestine , adult worm free livening . The parasite male…

by adding salt and ethanol to a solution containing DNA or RNA. In the presence of salt (in particular, monovalent cations such as sodium ions (Na+)), ethanol efficiently precipitates nucleic acids. The purified precipitate can be collected by centrifugation, and then suspended in a volume of choice. PROTOCOL: CTAB method for DNA extraction protocol  Take 2ml broth in a micro centrifuge tube  Centrifuge @14,000 rpm for 15 minutes  Discard the supernatant and collect the pellet  Dissolve…