Centrifugation

The cells were centrifuged for two minutes at maximum speed. Once centrifugation is completed the supernatant was removed and 250 microliters of re-suspension (R3) was added to the remaining bacterial pellet. This was then re-suspended using a pipet, until homogeneous. Then 250 microliters of lysis solution was added. This…

The rheology characteristics of enzyme clarified beetroot juice with added additives such as maltodextrin (MD), inulin (INU) and their combination (MD+INU) was studied at a wide range of concentrations (0 to 20% dry solids) and temperatures (5 to 80°C) by controlled stress rheometer. The rheological parameter shear stress was measured upto the shear rate of 600s-1. The temperature dependency of Newtonian viscosity of beetroot juice was described by Arrhenius equation. The effect of added solid…

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is an oxidoreductase found in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. LDH catalyses the formation of lactate and NAD+ from pyruvate and NADH, during the last step of anaerobic glycolysis. The reaction is also catalysed in the other direction by LDH during the Cori cycle. This reaction can be assayed using spectrophotometric techniques; peak absorbance of NADH is at 340nm, but the peak absorbance of NAD+ is 259nm (Powers, et al., 2007). Enzyme assays are performed to measure…

(EDTA). Sample preparation for two-dimensional gel electrophoresis The blood samples were centrifuged at 1,500 rpm for 15 min at 4°C; plasma was isolated and stored at -80°C. Sample preparation was carried out by removing salt from the plasma by centrifugation and concentrated using 3 kDa amicon columns (Merck Millipore, USA) [16]. Two-dimensional gel…

INTRODUCTION Lovastatin is a statin drug that decreases the total cholesterol level in patients diagnosed with hypercholesterolemia. The drug aims to prevent serious cardiovascular diseases such as heart attack due to blockage of arteries. Lovastatin acts as a competitive inhibitor for the HMG-CoA reductase enzyme in catalyzing the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate, (Alberts, 1998). The drug is also hydrolyzes in vivo to active form β-hydroxyl acid, (Katz, 2005) and was recently researched on…

the aniline solution in drop wise manner with slow rate (15 min) with simple discontinuous manual stirring. The solution was kept at for 24 h. The prepared polymer was collected and washed by 0.2M of HCl, Ethanol, and methanol then filtered by centrifugation for 15 min at 5000 r.p.m. The polymer was dried into an oven for 6 hrs at temperature of 60…

regions of the DNA amplified by PCR. The products of PCR cannot be sequenced correctly without purification. Purification removes left over reactants and enzymes. A spin column-collection tube complex is used to collect the DNA during a series of centrifugation techniques with different buffers. The silica membrane holds DNA in a high-salt buffer and will release it in a low-salt buffer (Holbrook & Leicht,…

thermodynamic stability studies showed stability of L-SNEDDS formulations and their emulsions without any signs of phase separation and precipitation during alternative temperature cycles (4C and 40C), freeze thaw cycles (-21C and +25 C) and centrifugation at 3500 rpm. The cloud point is an essential factor in the SEDDS consisting of non-ionic surfactants, and it is responsible for the successful formation of a stable microemulsion [37]. The cloud point temperature (lower consolute…

NANOCARRIERS AS PROMISING NOVEL SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLED DELIVERY OF DICLOFENAC SODIUM [N.B: Authors' details blinded by Pro Journals for Review] ABSTRACT The formulation and evaluation of Diclofenac sodium from liposomes, niosomes and nanoemulsion are analyzed. The release profiles of Diclofenac sodium were almost similar in all the formulations. It is found that 85% of Diclofenac sodium diffused out from the colloidal systems within 8hrs and practically all the drug was released within…

2.3. Pharmacokinetics of (S)-ketoprofen 2.3.1. Blood sampling On the day of the study, rats were cannulated approximately 30 min before uric acid injection and 3 h before the drugs were administered. The animals were anesthetized and the caudal artery was cannulated with a PE-10 cannula (Clay Adams, Parsippany, NJ, USA) connected to a PE-50 cannula. The cannula was kept patent with heparinized saline solution and stopped with a needle. Rats were allowed to recover from anesthesia and…