Cellular respiration

This lab experiment was completed to determine the environment in which microbes prefer to live. The pH, moisture, available nutrients, oxygen and light all affect the rate in which bacteria grow. The majority of bacteria flourish when the pH level is near neutral; the growth rate is highly affected if the pH is off by just a little. If too acidic, the amount of time it takes the bacteria to adjust to a new environment (lag time) is increased which slows the growth, the activity of enzymes is…

The process of photosynthesis is composed of two phases: light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle. The first stage (light-dependent reactions) occurs in the thylakoid membrane, which absorbs light energy to create NADPH and a proton gradient used to power the synthesis of ATP. The latter occurs in the stroma, and results in carbon dioxide fixation. In this experiment, only the light-dependent reactions were studied. 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol (DCPIP) was used as an artificial…

Most of the carbon dioxide used in photosynthesis comes from the atmosphere and enters the leaf through the stomata. This is the external source of carbon dioxide. Some of the carbon dioxide produced by the plants own cells in the process of respiration. The amount of carbon dioxide available is quite low. This affects the rate of photosynthesis i.e. The lower the level,the slower the rate of photosynthesis. Artificial sources of carbon dioxide can be used in greenhouses to increase crop growth…

How does light filtration affect the rate of photosynthesis? Introduction: Photosynthesis is an essential process plants use to convert light energy from the sun into chemical energy, released as glucose. Some of the limiting factors of photosynthesis include temperature, amount of light, the concentration of carbon dioxide, availability of water and the concentration of chlorophyll. Fig.1- The word and symbol equations for photosynthesis. The aim of the practical is to model the rate of…

To train the Phosphocreatine energy system effectively, would involve repeated bouts of exercise up to 10-15 seconds of maximum intensity, with roughly two minutes rest between repeated intervals that will allow the system to replenish. The formula for recovery periods is known as the ‘work to rest ratio’. The Phosphocreatine energy system recovery ratio is 1:10/12. As a result, this means that for every second of ‘work’ you need to allow 10 to 12 seconds for recovery. When designing a training…

31 - Describe the biochemistry of the Cori cycle and the glucose–alanine cycle. How are they regulated and under what physiological conditions are they activated? The Cori cycle and glucose-alanine cycle are two mechanisms that involve cycling of nutrients between the liver and muscle. Lactate and alanine are two glucogenic molecules that are each converted to pyruvate via a series of enzymatic reactions in the liver to ultimately be converted to glucose via gluconeogenesis and transported…

Yeast are single-celled fungi. Yeast cells use an aerobic process called alcoholic fermentation to produce energy in the form of ATP. Not only does this process convert glucose into ATP, but it also produces ethanol and carbon dioxide. Along with a few other classmates, I performed the “alcoholic fermentation in yeast” lab to find the ideal conditions for carbon dioxide production in yeast. Organisms obtain the energy they need from food. Yeast cells use sugars, such as glucose, as a food…

Every single movement, even the tiniest one, of our body requires energy. Human body constantly undergoes pathways and chemical reactions to maintain life. All reactions belong to metabolism, featuring catabolic reactions: break down of molecules into simple end products, or anabolic reactions: conversions of small precursor molecules into more complex ones. These pathways also feature Gibb’s free energy(∆G), which refers to the energy available for the reaction. If ∆G is positive, that means…

I have been employed by Shaun McDermott, the manager of my local football club Tummery Athletic FC, as a sports therapist. I have been asked to talk to his players about the 3 different energy systems in the body in order to develop his athlete’s knowledge and understanding of anatomy and physiology. I am hoping the talk will give them guidance and enable them to make adjustments to their current regime so that they are able to maximise performance as well as helping them to understand how their…

a. The structures of chloroplasts overall assist with the contribution of the function of photosynthesis. The thylakoid membrane is an essential structure to chloroplasts because it allows the process of light reactions to take place. Photosystem l, makes NADPH from chlorophyll and is responsible for the transfer of electrons with high energy levels to additional molecules. Whereas, photosystem II produces ATP with the usage of an electron from light. Moreover, the thylakoid space is beneficial…