Cell wall

Chitin is a linear polysaccharide, with β-(1-4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. Found in the exoskeletons of crustaceans (crab, shrimp, lobster, insects) & molluscs, as well as the cell walls of algae and fungi, chitin is the second-most naturally abundant polysaccharide after cellulose [1, 2]. Chitin occurs naturally in the polymorphic forms: α, β and γ. The α-polymorphic form of chitin is the most abundant in nature, present in the strong exoskeleton of crustaceans [6]. α-Chitin forms tightly…

Identifying the Presence of Macromolecules Using Benedict’s, Biuret’s, Sudan III, and Lugol’s Solution Betty Ngo Introduction Macromolecules are the critically important large molecules that fall into four main classes: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. Macromolecules are polymers which are built up by monomers. Monomers become polymers from the process dehydration reaction and polymers are broken apart by the process hydrolysis. Macromolecules are critically important…

used as a representation of an actual cell, the shell being the cell wall, and the yolk being the nucleus, which like an actual cell also expands when placed in a substance like water, and shrinks when placed in a thick substance like corn syrup. I hypothesize that water will make the egg hypotonic, which means that the cell is swollen due to an excess of water in its environment and corn syrup will make the egg hypertonic, which is the shriveling of a cell due to a lack of water and or salt in…

The product water permeates through the fiber walls into the bore and exits through the tube sheet into permeate port. The brine flows between the outside of the fiber bundle and the inside wall of the pressure vessel to a brain port. The permeate exists at low pressure, but the brine undergoes a minimal pressure drop and is available to feed successive stages for additional…

significantly if the cell membrane could not penetrate the memory. This would cause the bacteria to be dysfunctional. When observing gram-positive bacteria one can perceive that the bacteria consist of teichoic acid, surface protein, lipoteichoic acid, peptide-glycan, cell membrane, and phospholipid. When observing the gram-negative bacteria one can note that this bacteria consist of lipopolysaccharide, surface protein, outer membrane, lipoprotein, peptide glycan, and cell membrane. These two…

Observation of plant and animal cells through a light microscope. A cell is the most basic structure of any living organism and is capable of independently reproducing. Cells can be grouped into two categories, prokaryotic and eukaryotic. In a eukaryotic cell there are small organelles that carry out specific functions which can be compared to the organs in the human body. Some of these organelles include the nucleus, which holds the cells DNA, mitochondria, which produce ATP from glucose and…

how the cell wall is just like the brick walls and the fences in the zoo? The cell wall protects and supports the cell, as the brick walls and the fences, they keep the animals from running away and people that aren't suppose to be there out.” “You know what Phineas? I think your right!! Tell me more.” 2. “Perry, what do you think the cell membrane reminds you of?” Phineas asked Perry. “The cell membrane has the same job as the ticket booth entrance!” Perry said “The cell…

History All plants need water, but plants may prefer one type of water over another. There are two main types of water, tap water and rainwater, and each type of water has its pros and cons. Different plants need different amounts of water. Along with that, some plants also need water more frequently. This writing is going to explain about how plants prefer one type of water over another. There are many chemicals added to tap water. The uses of these chemicals is to disintegrate any dirt in the…

Animal cell membranes are selectively permeable and allow certain substances in and out through passive or active transport. While plant cells have a cell wall to combat high concentrations of water, animal cells only have a cell membrane. This lack of support can make a hypotonic animal cell expand and burst. A hypertonic animal cell will undergo osmosis and release water eventually causing the cell to shrivel up and shrink. Both of these results make it extremely important for animal cells to…

Arabidopsis cell wall mutants INTRODUCTION & AIMS Plant cell walls are highly dynamic structure which is made up of polysaccharide such as cellulose. In plant cell, cellulose is synthesised at the plasma membrane by the enzyme cellulose synthase (CesA) which forms rosette structure with 18 CesA proteins in total. Mutating any of these CesA proteins is thought to interfere with the normal production of cellulose in plant. As cellulose is an important component of cell wall and is essential for…