Cell wall

In today's society, there are numerous debates on whether a serial killers, rapists, sociopaths, and illnesses in general are due to the genes of our parents or the environment we live in. Due to recent discoveries of Epigenetics, I believe that many behaviors and genes may be influenced by the environment. Epigenetics has shown that certain environmental signs can activate or deactivate certain genes that have a large impact on personality overall. However, due to the complexion of the human…

selection is known for the causes of evolution because natural selection is the process of which the environment favor the species with favorable traits that will help them survive. Scientists believes that at some point all living beings were one single cell, but throughout years it all developed into animals and humans. In the other hand, religious people, in this case Christians, believe a Superior Being created humanity and other living…

with determination because they knew that the answer was the key to life so. They began by using a model building approach to try and find out the structure of the DNA molecule. They needed how the DNA transmitted information from parents to daughter cells. They failed their first attempt but their second attempt was successful that they were celebrated for their hard work by a Nobel Price. From their success they then constructed the double helix strand model with all the nitrogenous bases…

2. Synthetic surfactants used in pharmaceuticals and their properties. 2.1 Classification of surface active agents. The widely used synthethic surfactants in pharmaceuticals are classifieds as according on their surface charges. 1.Anionic surfactants:sodium alkyl sulfonates .SDS,SLS. 2.Cationic surfactants:Quaternary ammonium chlorides (quats),pyridinium salts . 3.Zwetterionic (amphoteric) surfactants:phospholipids- Phosphatidylcholine (Lecithin). 4.Nonionic surfactants: spans( esters of…

1. Francis Crick Crick discovered the relative distances of the repetitive elements in the DNA molecule, and the dimensions of the monoclinic unit cell which indicated that the molecule was in two matching parts, running in opposite directions. He also, in collaboration with Watson discovered the material that our genes are made of and put forward the model of the double helix DNA structure which included the measurements of the angels formed by different chemical bonds. Crick in collaboration…

biology is describes the transfer of genetic information within a biological system and was first stated by Francis Crick in 1956. The central dogma is the flow of genetic information as ‘’DNA makes the RNA and RNA makes the protein.’’All biological cells with few exceptions in some follow this rule. This flow takes place through three fundamental processes: replication, transcription and translation. Central Dogma theory was modified when it was found that in some cases RNA carry the genetic…

Molecular communication is a paradigm for Nanomachines to exchange information. Due to some of the biological properties, bacteria have been proposed as a carrier for molecular communication, such communication networks are known as bacterial Nanonetworks. The biological property of bacteria is ability to mobilize and carry the information encoded in deoxyribonucleic acid molecules. Bacteria have social characteristic, which provides bacteria to evolve in fluctuating environment using…

Some people are born with specific genetic makeup that allows them to build and tone muscles in an almost effortless way. Unfortunately, some of us are born the opposite. That is, we are born with a “skinny” frame. That is not our fault, and that should definitely not be a hindrance to our getting our ideal or dream bodies—one with fine muscles at the right places. If you are determined to get your ideal body, it can happen. Now, you might already be asking how to gain weight in 10 days for men.…

compare an egg to a cell. We also tested the effect of hypertonic solutions and hypotonic solutions have on cells.The purpose of this experiment was to observe what happened to a cell when placed in different environments. In order to do this, we used an egg to represent a cell and put it in different solutions such as, vinegar, corn syrup, and distilled water. Corn syrup was used to show how a cell would react in a hypertonic solution, and distilled water was used to show how a cell would react…

the current study, the effect of nilotinib, a marketed drug used by human beings that has a well-defined safety profile, was investigated on APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Nilotinib treatments for mice were found to protect against APAP-induced liver injury as indicated by decreasing the elevated levels of serum ALT, AST, LDH and GGT activities. The protective effect exerted by nilotinib against APAP-induced liver injury was further confirmed histopathologically by preventing APAP-induced…