Cell wall

Researchers only had 40% of Lucy’s skeleton so they used comparison and inferring as a technique to reconstruct Lucy. While putting together Lucy’s skeleton, researchers found out that she was very small and an adult. They decided to use a modern human skeleton to infer some of the missing pieces. The team filled in some of the missing parts using other fossils and making a physical model of the skeleton which they would use as a basis of the reconstruction (Prehistoric Autopsy video). Professor…

Cell division is essential in the life cycles of all cells. It allows living organisms to reproduce and therefore not die out. There are two major steps to cell division: nuclear division and cytokinesis. Within nuclear division are two different types: mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis is a form of asexual reproduction in which one diploid parent cell is divided into two identical diploid cells. On the other hand, meiosis is an example of sexual reproduction, in which two diploid parent cells both…

reproduction in which two different cells combine, which create an offspring. When two cells called the egg for female, and sperm for male, combine and join together they create a new organism called a zygote. During meiosis, one diploid cell divides and makes four haploid sex cells. Meiosis has two divisions of the cytoplasm and the nucleus, the divisions are called Meiosis I and Meiosis II. Reproductive cells go through interphase before meiosis. “ A reproductive cell goes through interphase…

Flowers For Algernon Everyone is different and people think differently, however you can usually change yourself to be like everyone else or whatever you want to be but some people struggle and have learning differences so they can't change no matter how hard they try. Charlie Gordon is a full grown man with an IQ of 68 and the only thing he wants is to be smart, but with a score like Charlie's you would be considered mentally inadequate. Charlie cannot change his intelligence because of mental…

HUMAN GENOME PROJECT Be it resolved that the Human Genome Project is for the well-being of the human race. According to the National Human Genome Research Institute, the Human Genome Project was one of the great feats of exploration in history. This is because the Human Genome Project is all about examining a human body’s genome, and DNA structure, and the vigorous thing about that is that it is not just about researching, it is also about doing something righteous with the information that has…

daughter strands of DNA have been produced, it is time to proofread and repair the DNA sequence. This process is so important because any mistake in DNA replication can result to DNA mutation and will lead to various genetic diseases such as sickle cell anaemia, Huntington’s disease and many more (Cooper, 2000). Thus, the accuracy of DNA replication cannot be attributed solely to the specificity of the base pairing. According to Khan Academy (2017), to avert the mistake from happening, an enzyme…

microchimerism. Microchimerism is the presence of foreign cells in a person, which originate from another person. In recent years, researchers have discovered foreign cells in babies and their mothers. There is evidence suggesting the transfer of cells between babies and their mothers during pregnancy does happen. This event is known as maternal microchimerism which can be beneficial or harmful. An example of a negative event is a mother passing cells which sets off the childs immune system to…

a) My thoughts to “IQ: History of Deceit,” was nothing really. It was informative and insightful on how the testing for IQ came about. It also showed how IQ has been abused throughout the years from the time of its inception to now and that it has happened in different countries; countries that were considered intelligent and respected for their accomplishments as well. IQ also seems to be effected by the interaction of both genetics and the environment in which one is nurtured and their…

Preparation for Cell Lysis Obtain the mammalian expression vector for homo sapien ESR2 from Addgene. Assemble the vector to code for the proteins snail, slug and twist. Transfect HEK293 cells with the modified plasmids in petri dishes. Allow the cells to grow for 1-2 days so they will express the proteins. Transfer the culture medium to a centrifuge tube to separate it from the cells. Add 1mL of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) to the cells and swirl to mix. Separate the PBS from the cells and…

Society Science explains many of the things in today’s world that, just decades or centuries ago, were complete mysteries. One of the things science has made clear is the fact that sexuality is very biologically based and driven. While this is truthful, it is not one hundred percent accurate. Sexuality is biologically based, yes, but it is shaped by society. Biology defines sex as the way humans reproduce. Sociology takes this definition and furthers it by adding that, while it is how humans…