Cell type

Human genome modification should not be allowed because it can cause many adverse effects and has a multitude of risks. Gang Bao, one of the authors of the article, Experts debate: Are we playing with fire when we edit human genes?,concurs that editing the human genome can give unexpected results. These results include severe disabilities, complications in later generations and death. Although there are options such as genetic counseling and in vitro fertilization available to couples that risk…

pathway is a chain of proteins in the cell that relays an extracellular signal from the Ras protein to the DNA in the nucleus of the cell. This pathway consists of multiple phosphorylations as MAPKKK phosphorylates and activates MAPKK which then phosphorylates and activates MAPK. At the end of this cascade, MAPK phosphorylates various effector proteins (Alberts, 557). This signaling pathway plays an important role in cells as it results in complex changes in cell decisions and behaviors such…

Deoxyribonucleic Acid is the molecule within human cells that holds all our genetic material (Genetics Home Reference, 2017). DNA can be found in all cells of the body except red blood cells and can be collected from hair follicles, blood, skin, bodily fluids, bone marrow, tissues etc (GHR, 2017). In criminal cases, DNA is used as evidence to prove whether a person was connected with a crime. If a person’s DNA is found at a crime scene, they become a suspect in an investigation. The use of DNA…

which is the production of a cell or organism that is genetically identical to the parent. Two examples of things that can be cloned are genes and animals. For genes, a gene is taken from one organism and enters a carrier called a vector, which can be bacteria, yeast cells, viruses, or plasmids. The vector is then placed in laboratory conditions which makes it multiply, resulting in the gene being copied many times over, or cloned. For animals, a mature somatic cell is taken from the animal…

To begin with, opponents will claim that people are against the cloning process by saying it is unethical and immoral due to how it controls the lives of animals and its level of involvement with animals reproductive systems. According to the website article “Ethics”, several religions, such as Christians, Jews, Muslims, Hindus, and Buddhists, believe cloning is unethical due to how similar it is to “playing God” as well as the “greater level of involvement and interference with animals’…

The next topic a student should be schooled in is cells and cellular biology. While cells are the building blocks of all living organism, scientists have confirmed that there are actually different types of cells depending on the organism. The two main classes of organisms are the prokaryotes and the eukaryotes. The prokaryotic is the simpler of the two and are the one-celled organisms such as bacteria and archaea. The interior of a prokaryotic cell consists of a main nucleoid, which contains…

and the Carolina Centre for Genome Sciences at the University of North Carolina, and the Department of Biological Chemistry at John Innes Centre, have uncovered a correlation between bacterial protein, a molecule that performs most functions within cells (the general units of life). Erica J. Washington and her team used methods such as the use of microscopes, separation of proteins based on size, and production of the 3D experimental protein by utilizing closely related proteins as models.…

When cloning comes into play, people become fearful of the idea. It is a topic of debate and causes controversy in many instances. This controversy has existed for years. The incorporation of genetic alteration, also known as stem cell research, into Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein shows how the advanced plot reflects this debate. Over time, the concept of genetic science and cloning has evolved into something much more than it once was. To some of the public, genetic engineering has caused quite…

CELL SIGNALING AND CELL TRANSDUCTION INTRODUCTION: In this lecture, we will study about cell signaling and signal transduction. Each cell in a multicellular animal is bombarded with chemical signals that are made by other cells and this is how communication occurs at cells level by different signaling molecule. Signals that regulate cell metabolism, alter or maintain its differentiated state, determine whether it should divide, and dictate whether it will live or die. The word “signals” in…

Observation of mitosis in Onion root tips Answer the following question to its full explanation: 1. What is Cytokinesis? Compare and contrast cytokinesis between plant and animal cells. Cytokinesis is the last step in cell division, where the cytoplasm divide and the two daughter cells appear. In Animals, the cytokinesis processes occurs through cleavage. Firstly, in the old metaphase plate position, a cleavage furrow is formed. On each sides of the furrow, a contractile ring formed of actin…