Cell signaling

The skin consists of three main layers including epidermis, dermis and subcutis that are responsible for its high turnover capacity in repairing different injuries. Similar to other tissues, the stem cells existed in skin tissue play an important role in regulating the balance between cell loss and cell division [22, 23]. siRNA therapeutics are potent alternative for skin regeneration due to their accessibility in the body [24]. Skin repair based on siRNA therapy have yielded promising results…

are grouped together and mainly amphipathic. The variation in head groups and aliphatic chains allows the presence of more than 1000 different lipid species in any eukaryotic cell. Different types of lipid include Phospholipids, Sphingolipids and Cholesterol. Lipid plays a role in many functions of the cell such as the signaling and the conversion of energy, membrane fluidity and compartmentalization of cellular organelles. The movement of lipids from their sites of synthesis to definitive…

infection. The processes of tissue regeneration include inflammation, wound repair, and remodeling. However, regenerating limbs is a more complex process that involves creating new cells. Flatworms Planarians have the ability to regenerate into a complete animal from tiny fragments of their body in…

from progenitor cells in the uninjured limb by re-expressing embryonic genes. The origin of these blastema cells are controversial, as many have a hypothesis of where are originally derived. (Whited & Tabin 2009). For instance, Aguilar et al (2015) suggests that the formation of the blastema is dependent on nerve signaling that recruits undifferentiated mesenchymal cells that interact with wound epithelium that induce keratinocytes to form the apical epithelium cap (AEC). Signaling from the cap…

Mitochondria, LHON The Organelle The most well known function of the mitochondria is to produce energy for the cell. It does this by regulating cell metabolism and respiration. Mitochondria carry out multiple other functions that are extremely important (such as various forms of signaling) The mitochondria also contains DNA which can have a direct effect on some functions of the human body if there is a mutation. ( Mitochondrion.(2016, October 9)) Word count 63 (not including headings or…

changes in the relative distribution of CD4 and CD8 T cells and cytokine release in the serum. The…

Aspergillus nidulans: One of the lesser known pathogen of the aspergilli group, A. nidulans is a model filamentous fungus widely used for studying eukaryotic cell biology (Galagan et al., 2005). A. nidulans possesses a phospholipid-hydrolyzing novel cPLA2 protein, PlaA, which shows maximum similarity to mammalian-type cPLA2 proteins (α, β, γ) (Hong et al., 2005). Like the three isoforms of human cPLA2 proteins, A. nidulans PlaA also consists of two separate catalytic domainsA and B, and…

GBA1 MUTATIONS INTERFERE WITH WNT/β-CATENIN SIGNALING AND LINEAGE DIFFERENTIATION IN GAUCHER IPSC-DERIVED NEURONAL PROGENITORS. Robert Liu*, Ola Awad, and Ricardo Feldman, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. Gaucher disease (GD) is an inherited lipid-storage disease caused by mutations in the acid beta-glucocerebrosidase gene (GBA1). Mutant glucocerebrosidase (GCase) leads to the accumulation of glucosylceramide and neurotoxic…

essential for cell viability. Without functioning mitochondria, the cell cannot be supplied with the energy it needs to survive. Mitochondrial function relies heavily on import of proteins; this is because the proteome is almost exclusively encoded by nuclear genes (Weidberg). When import is prohibited, the mitochondria will send out several mitochondria-to-nucleus signals to try and resolve the issue. The first pathway mentioned in the article is the mtUPR (Mito-Nucleus Signaling Pathway). If…

studies about Drosophila to C. elegans. LIM proteins have their own transcription factors and cytoskeletal elements. Structurally, a LIM domain has cysteines with 2 zinc fingers. These LIM homeodomain (LIM-HD) proteins regulate the formation of cell line cells and influence differentiation. (Dawid et al., 1995) To control these proteins, it is suspected that they all have a DNA-binding specificity due to the similarities between species. Dawid et al., (1995) suggests that the domains of these…