Cell membrane

Throughout the semester in the microbiology lab we have been taught how to conduct multiple experiments to identify microorganisms. Many of these experiments can be used on all different types of microorganisms but cumulatively they can help isolate a singular microorganism’s identity. At the beginning of the semester we were divided into several groups and were assigned an unknown of which we were tasked with identifying. Being assigned number 14 as our unknown, my group consisting of…

centrisome of cells and are primarily tasked with the creation of microtubules. The microtubules give way to mitotic spindles, which play a vital role in both mitosis and cytokinesis as they give cilia and flagellum the ability to generate motion and they ensure both newly formed cells contain paired centrioles during the later stages of cell division. Kinetochores are protein structures that produce chromosomal movement through the attachment of chromatids to spindle fibres and aid in cell…

Event Structure metaphor” as a complex system, or the configuration of several entities and their relationships that a network of metaphors explains (Kövecses 155). Applying Oshlag and Petrie’s and Kovesces’s theories to teaching the complex system of cells to readers in chapter four of…

Observation of mitosis in Onion root tips Answer the following question to its full explanation: 1. What is Cytokinesis? Compare and contrast cytokinesis between plant and animal cells. Cytokinesis is the last step in cell division, where the cytoplasm divide and the two daughter cells appear. In Animals, the cytokinesis processes occurs through cleavage. Firstly, in the old metaphase plate position, a cleavage furrow is formed. On each sides of the furrow, a contractile ring formed of actin…

Normally during cell wall synthesis peptidoglycan precursors is transported across the cell membrane into the periplasm where it binds to cell wall acceptors. These precursors undergo excessive cross linking by tranpeptidase and D-alanyl carboxypeptidase to synthesise the cell wall. The presence of β-lactam rings competitively inhibits the enzymes by binding to their active site. Thus inhibiting cell wall synthesis which stops cell division and causes lysis due to fragility of cell wall and high…

The most effective way to distinguish between classes comes from observations made about their structure. Prokaryotic cells are smaller than eukaryotic ones; the typical prokaryote ranging from 100 nm - 10 µm, while a eukaryote could be anywhere from 10 - 100 µm (Reece et al., 2014). Prokaryotes are also less complex than eukaryotes in that they do not have organelles (membrane-bound bodies) and are always unicellular (eukaryotes can be multicellular) (Biology Department, 2015). An obvious…

Alden Spencer Award was given to him in 1985 for “outstanding research contributions” from Colombia University. In 1991, he was awarded the K.S. Cole Award by the Biophysical Society for making ‘substantial contributions to the understanding of membrane biophysics” (Biophysical Society). Dr. Hudspeth has also won the Charles A Dana Award, the Talph W. Gererd Prize from the Society of Neuroscience, and the Guyot Prize. He is also a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy…

Mitosis & Meiosis are the two major cell division processes. We know that mitosis is used for fulfilling a body’s cell division requirements. However, meiosis is use solely used for one purpose in a human body. It is used for the production of gametes cells, also known as the sex cells. Mitosis and meiosis are quite similar in processes with very few differences. One of the differences is that mitosis has one division whereas there are two divisions in meiosis. This is the reason meiosis is also…

Animal Cell Mitosis Mitosis is defined as the division of the nucleus. In animal cells, consists of 5 major phases – prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. Cytokinesis occurs immediately following telophase, the last phase of mitosis and is the division of the cytoplasm. Mitosis and cytokinesis are phases when the cell is actively dividing and these stages last for a very short time compared to interphase. For most of a cell’s life, it is in interphase, which is a phase…

baby? A 6-month old baby boy is the first baby to be born using DNA from three people, hence given the name, three parent baby. The technique used to make the baby is called spindle transfer. In the process, the membrane surrounding the nucleus breaks down from two unfertilized egg cells each from the donor and the mother (Saey 2016). As chromosome are divided, they are attached to protein fibers called spindles (Saey 2016). These spindle and chromosomes are removed from the mother’s egg and…