In the online article “DNA Procedure”, the author Ian Sample explains a procedure of a DNA mitochondrial transplant to help parents who have a risk of passing on genetic diseases to their children. The procedure consists of taking the nucleus from the woman’s egg, inserted it into a donor’s egg, then fertilizing it with the husband’s sperm. This is a very controversial procedure that has been discussed for many years. The procedure is a great thing when wanting to help mothers who cannot have…
could only affect certain cells (Rakyan et al. 2011b). A more known cause for epigenetic variation would be the environmental induction later in life. This can happen for many reasons. Like through eating habits or smoking. Examples for that can be Diabetes type I and several types of cancer (Rakyan et al. 2011b).…
The article “Spying on brains in action” is about using different tools on the brains of animals and humans. Scientists have made three new tools that can help study the brain. These tools are helpful because they can show what happens in the brain even when humans and animals are moving. In order to get a good picture of the brain, people and animals need to stay still. With the help of these new tools, scientists can learn more about the living brain. Elizabeth Hillman is a biomedical engineer…
A Biotechnology company, AquaBounty Technologies engaged in the research, development, and commercialization of products using biotechnology to increase the productivity of aquaculture. In the late 1980s, AquaBounty Technologies developed first genetically modified animal, AquAdvantage salmon (Varela 2013, Greenberg 2014). AquAdvantage salmon defined as genetically-engineered Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) which have a rapid-growth phenotype. This salmon contain a single copy of the stably…
Prior to reading the article, I had never thought much about the external placement, or lack thereof, of the male scrotum. I was sure that it had always been that way, and there was no significant meaning for its placement. However, after reading the article, “The Scrotum is Nuts”, I agree more with the hypothesis of Michael Chance and Roland Frey, “The Galloping Hypothesis”. It is hypothesized that the external placement of the testes was due to the increase abdominal pressure from movement by…
kingdoms, they get classified into the Protist kingdom.(Article 1)”When scientists can’t figure out where to put organisms that do not match with the characteristics of a particular kingdom, they are placed in the Protista Kingdom. “All protist have cells with a nuclei. All protist live in moist environment. All protist are Eukaryotic, they can be unicellular or multicellular.…
this type of prokaryotes is called heterotrophic. -Fungi: Have no cell walls in their structure but they are multicellular. Fungi also don’t have chlorophyll, saprophytic feeders. Fungi are heterotrophic organisms therefore they are…
mildly affected kids living with minor tweaks in their DNA. With mitochondrial mutations and diseases documented as early as 1988, our concerns for future advancements have raised eyebrows amongst the human race. Mitochondria lay within our cells right next to our…
Muscle-Eye-Brain Disease Muscle-Eye-Brain Disease, also known as “MEB” and “Congenital Muscular Dystrophy.” Muscle-Eye-Brain Disease is a rare disease, discovered in 1977, in Finland, but it's unknown who discovered the disease. Finland has the largest number of Muscle-Eye-Brain disease patience and is rare in many other countries. Muscle-Eye-Brain Disease is an inherited condition, form of muscle weakness is present or develops after birth. The infant then feels floppy in the muscles also in…
Epigenetics is the modification of the genome to regulate gene expression. This process is achieved through a variety of different mechanisms including but not limited to, chromatin condensation, acetylation modification, and methylation modification. Gene expression can also be altered through a number of non-epigenetic mechanisms, such as environmental factors, like temperature, and the introduction of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) into the environment. The level of chromatin…