Catalysis

Copper is one of the most abundant transition metals in the human body and its redox characteristics make copper an important cofactor in many enzymes. Copper containing enzymes are important for tissue generation, synthesis of neurotransmitters, and catalysis of the electron transfer reactions.1 Because of its diverse functions, copper homeostasis deficiency is linked to many diseases. A prominent example is Wilson’s disease with a prevalence of approximately 1 case in 30,000 live. It is caused…

4-dihydroisoquinolines. Researchers felt the older method was a long process which produced unattainable yields for the desired products. They wanted to develop a quicker reaction where aromatic compounds will go through a new transformation under Lewis acid catalysis and wanted to determine the best recipe for this reaction. This type of research was definitely a methodology. They begin to initiate a few changes in the procedure such as adding n-BuLi to solution, stirring for 3 h at 78 degrees…

Methods There are many important factors to any experiment, including the materials. To continue, the quantity of materials for this experiment varies from a refrigerator to tweezers, but they all need to be included for the best results. First, the larger materials needed to complete the experiment are refrigerator, freezer, stove, one ice box, one scale which could be large or small, one blender, one cooking pot, one large jar or cup, and at least 400 milliliters of distilled water. Next, the…

The overall purpose of the study was to create a model based off the crystal structure of the endonuclease domain of Bacillus subtilis MutL. This structure, in particular, exposes the presence of zinc in the binding site which is important for the MMR function of BsMutL in vivo. From there, they proposed a model describing the association of MutS and DNA polymerase III, β clamp with MutL, and nicking of a synthesized DNA strand. The importance of MutL is in its united effort with MutS to…

Background Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin was born on May 12, 1910 in Cairo, Egypt to her parents, John and Grace Crowfoot. Her father was a school inspector who later gained an interest in archeology and became the Director of Jerusalem’s British School of Archaeology. Dorothy’s fascination with chemistry and crystals started when she was ten on a visit to Sudan to visit her father. While she was there, her parents’ friend let her study and analyze chemicals. When she was fifteen, she received a…

the thiosulfate is converted to sulfite (Xin et al., 2016). As described above, the sulfane sulfur consumed may also be derived from the metabolism of intracellular amino acids (Ida et al., 2014) or self-oxidation of H2S (Chen and Morris, 1972) or catalysis of enzymes (Xin et al.,…

vital to the existence of life. Living organisms have innumerable chemical reactions occurring their bodies at all time and these chemical reactions must be regulated. Enzymes are proteins, or sometimes RNA molecules, whose job is to perform the catalysis that…

The Revolutionary War is one intently studied and analyzed. In Gordon Wood’s Novel, Novel Name, Wood shares his analysis of the war and lets the reader ponder his argument that the American Revolution was not the result of the oppressive nature of the crown, but the anticipation of it happening. In his novel, Wood uses examples such as the Seven Years’ War, as well as the lack of structure in King George the Third’s government. Another one of his big points that led to the start of the…

reactions by lowering the energy of activation. In an enzymatic reaction, the substrate (which is the reactant that an enzyme acts on) binds to the active site (which is the region on the enzyme where the substrate binds to) of the enzyme (Reece). The catalysis of a reaction with enzyme proceeds in the following manner: Enzyme + Substrate <-> Enzyme-Substrate Complex <-> Enzyme + Product (Reece). Note that the enzyme is unaltered in the reaction and can…

Analysis Questions: 1. The primary reaction catalyzed by catalase is the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to form water and oxygen, which occurs spontaneously, but not at a very rapid rate. Write a balanced equation for this reaction. Label the reactant and the product. (Remember that catalase is not a reactant or a product and can be written over the arrow separating the reactant from the products.) I will help you with the equation. Catalase 2H2O2…