Catalysis

in approved collaboration Introduction Photoredox catalysis uses light to excite the catalytic compounds, producing an effective oxidizing agent.1 The oxidizing agent can remove an electron from the desired compound for reaction, making it easier to synthesize molecules.1 One example of the utility of photoredox catalysis is the “production of lignan cyclobutanes,” which have many important pharmaceutical uses.2 Photoredox catalysis yields an efficient bond formation reaction.2 Compared…

of biaryl18,19 have received much attention in recent years because of their frequent occurrence in many natural products,20-22 pharmaceutically active compounds23-26 (Figure 18) and their wide applications in asymmetric synthesis,27-31 molecular catalysis 32-34 and material science35,36. In the past decades metal mediated…

be broken down in to three levels to determine the urgency of the attack ranging from mild, to moderate and finally sever attacks (Ho et al., 2007). Only through closely examining the respiratory condition will a patient be able to determine the catalysis and severity of an attack to determine the course of action and treatment required. Asthma attacks, management and care is mainly placed in the hands of the patient thus Tammy required to be trained and educated regarding the Do’s and Don’ts…

DISCUSSION Nelson et al, 2008, state “all enzymes that exhibit a hyperbolic dependence of V0 on [S] are said to follow Michaelis-Menten kinetics”. The data gathered from this experiment and plotted in figure 6 shows that it is this pattern shown in the reaction of PNPP to PNP catalysed by acid phosphatase, where a hyperbolic curve is observed in the graph of rate of reaction against substrate concentration, approaching the Vmax asymptotically. Acid phosphatase behaved congruently to the…

working on my thesis entitled, “Pd-catalysed annulations of internal alkynes for the synthesis of Indene and its derivatives”, which mainly deals with the development of new synthetic methodologies for complex Indene derivatives using palladium catalysis. A part of the work has already been communicated to related Journal. Apart from developing experience through the research projects, I am prodigiously thankful that I could develop a plethora of theoretical concepts obligatory for…

different rates in different environments. We investigated the relationship between pH levels and the ability for the lactase enzyme to catalyze reactions. Lactase was added to different levels of pH with substrate and their subsequent rates of catalysis were measured. Out of the four samples, the experiment showed that the lactase was most efficient in pH 8, the least in pH 2 and 4, and was rather efficient in pH 10. We concluded that pH does have an effect on the efficiency of which an enzyme…

mitochondrial enzyme Succinate Dehydrogenase (SDH) that will bind to the active site of the enzyme and result in a decrease of enzyme activity. Justification: Any agent that interferes with enzyme activity is an inhibitor. Inhibitors can affect the catalysis and/or the binding of enzymes to substrate. Malonate is an inhibitor of SDH primarily because of its shape and function, as the shape is similar to that of succinate (Clark, 2009). Malonate binds at the same active site as succinate, thus…

molecules — the enzymes' substrates. These aim molecules bind to active site of enzyme as well as are convert into products through a chain of procedures recognize as the enzymatic mechanism. As enzyme-catalysed reactions are saturable, their rate of catalysis does not show a linear response to increasing substrate. If the initial rate of the reaction is measured over a range for the concentrations of substrate, the reaction rate (v) rise as [S] increases. However, as [S] increase, the enzyme…

produce carbon dioxide. The bond between carbon dioxide and the bottom of catalyst is weaken and release carbon dioxide. The free oxygen will combine with unburned hydrocarbon to form water and carbon dioxide. When the exhaust is heated up, the catalysis reaction can occur more easily. Unleaded fuel is used in catalytic converter because the lead in conventional fuel "poisons" the catalyst and prevents it from taking up the pollutants in exhaust…

concentrations, etc. were further investigated. Figure 1: Effect of reaction time period on PRA synthesis [Catalyst cocn = 5% w/w, temperature of reaction = 150°C] 3.2 Effect of temperature The reaction temperature is a crucial parameter in catalysis [14]; therefore, we selected four different temperatures in the range of 60–150°C for the synthesis of PRA (Fig. 2). It was…