Catalysis

The Effect of Decreased Amounts of DOPA on the Production of Dopachrome Intro Enzymes are a catalyst, typically a protein, that affects the rate of a chemical reaction. They allow these complex reactions to occur at a low temperature with less energy usage. In enzyme-catalyzed reactions, a substrate, the substance to be acted upon, binds to the active site on an enzyme to form the product. The active site is the only part of the enzyme that reacts with the substrate. For the substrate to become…

Introduction This experiment looks at the effects of pH, enzyme concentration, and temperature of the catalytic rate of different enzymes including alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Some of the enzymes used are involved in human digestion while others are involved in clinical tests for certain diseases (Wilson, D’Alessio, Schmitt Lavin, Keith, & BIOL 1500 Team, 2015). The ALP enzyme is used to diagnose diseases such as bone cancer, jaundice and cirrhosis of the liver. This enzyme also catalyzes the…

Sterols in plants are almost completely derived from acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA). Acetyl-CoA is dimerized to acetoacetyl-CoA that then forms 3- hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) by a condensation reaction. HMG-CoA is reduced to mevalonic acid by 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR), a rate-limiting step in human isoprenoid biosynthesis. HMGR over-expression in transgenic tobacco plants resulted in increased levels of total sterols, indicating that HMGR is a limiting enzyme…

Effect of temperature Temperature has a profound influence on the rate of all processes occurring in living organisms including fungi and it may determine the type of reproduction, the morphology of the organism and the nutrients required. For any particular organism, the minimum and maximum temperatures are the lowest and highest at which growth occurs, and the optimum is that at which the growth rate is the greatest.Majority of fungi are mesophylls and grow at moderate temperature.These values…

Amylase Laboratory Report Introduction: Enzymes are a catalytic protein in a quaternary structure, that helps with the acceleration of molecules called substrates to achieve its desired chemical reaction. In this lab we used a specific enzyme called amylase. According to the lab manual, amylase is an enzyme found in one’s saliva or the pancreas to accelerate metabolism and cause a spontaneous reaction that helps with digestion of a substrate called starch. In order for any polymer such as…

2.3.1.2 Antioxidant analysis Two methods to measure the antioxidant activity are by determining its ability of hydrogen atom donation to a reactive species and/or check its ability to take off any molecules of oxidative initiation. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) level evaluation can be classified into a direct method and indirect method. Indirect method or in vitro method consists of DPPH radical scavenging activity assay, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and oxygen radical…

Protein Purification Practical Report Student Name : Noel Murphy Date : 28 February 2015 UF/DF Practical Question Report Ultrafiltration (UF) and Diafiltration (DF) steps are carried out prior to every chromatography step and post the final polishing chromatography step. These UF and DF steps are vitally important, the UF step concentrates the protein product into a smaller volume of buffer, while the DF step alters the conditions the protein product is sitting in i.e. Buffer exchange.…

In general, enzyme thermostability is an intrinsic property, determined by the primary structure of the protein. However, external environmental factors including cations, substrates, co-enzymes, modulators, polyols and proteins often increase enzyme thermostability. With some exceptions, enzymes present in thermophiles are more stable than their mesophilic counterparts. Some organisms produce enzymes with different thermal stability properties when grown at lower and higher temperatures. There…

An enzyme is a biological catalyst; catalysts are substances that increase the rate of chemical reactions without being used up. Enzymes also make the reaction take place more often, and are needed in small amounts; they are also neither reactants nor products. Enzymes are also proteins that are folded into complex shapes that allow molecules to fit into them. The enzymes that are involved in respiration, photosynthesis and protein synthesis work within cells whereas other enzymes are secreted…

Enzyme Post- lab assignment The purpose of this lab is to see the enzyme activity. We have known that biological chemical reactions are catalyzed by enzymes, so in the experiment 4.1 we tested the properties of catalase, and its presence in potato and sheep blood. The result was we could see the oxygen gas- bubbling by catalase’s presence. Not only that, enzymes are known as reusable, but they are not altered by their reaction with any substrate. In experiment 4.2, we could see that enzymes…