Catalysis

An enzyme is a biological catalyst; they accelerate most reactions within cells (Cooper, 2000). Enzymes have three constitutional characteristics: they assist chemical reactions without becoming exhausted or altered themselves, they do not change the balance between the reactants and products and they are highly specific as to what reactions they are able to catalyse (Cooper, 2000). The active sites of enzymes are where chemical reactions occur. The active sites are dimples or grooves in the…

i. Enzymes are macromolecules that increase chemical reactions without being consumed in the reaction. They do this by lowering the activation energy (the amount of energy that reactants need to absorb in order for a chemical reaction to take place). Every enzyme has a substrate with a unique shape and structure for it to bind to. Denaturation of proteins (when a protein unravels and becomes inactive), and change in the shape of the enzyme or substrate all influence the activity and…

Enzymes are substances produced by living organisms that act as catalysts to reduce the activation energy required for a chemical reaction. By lowering the activation energy, enzymes speed up the chemical reaction by providing an alternative action pathway (“Enzymes”). Enzymes are required in minute amounts because they remain unchanged after a reaction has occurred, so the same enzyme molecules can be reused over and over again. Since enzymes are proteins, they have active sites that speed up…

The effect of temperature on the rate of reaction on Enzyme reaction Introduction: This experiment will investigate the effect of temperature on the rate of reaction of the enzyme catalase. The biological catalyst called enzymes increase the rate of reaction without themselves being chemically changed. Enzymes are globular proteins folded into a complex 3-dimensional shape that contains a special surface area called the active site where a specific substrate binds structurally and chemically.…

In this essay, I will explain how we can benefit from bonding of atoms of certain elements in our daily life. As I will show in this essay, with the help of understanding the surface chemistry, which is the study of chemical reactions at interfaces (surfaces), different desired affects can be produced by the formation of selected elements such as making improved chemical composition of a surface. Surface chemistry today can be applied to solve various issues and problems including fighting…

3.2 Effects of particle size The particle size of the catalyst was highly influenced on the reaction rate, when the particle size of the catalyst was decreased, therefore their surface areas was increased and the ratio of catalyst surface and reactant volume was playing a crucial role for controlling the reaction kinetics. The reaction was takes place on the surface of a substance, increasing the surface area should increases the quantity of the substance that is available to react, and will…

Non-enzymatic and Enzymatic Browning PART A: NON-ENZYMATIC BROWNING The Maillard Reaction is a process of non-enzymatic browning foods happens when you cook both reducing sugars and amino acids at high temperatures while dry cooking. The carbonyl group of the sugar interacts with the nucleophilic amino group (amine; -NH2) of the amino acid peptides or proteins to eliminate a molecule of water, a brown pigment, called “melanoidin” is formed after polymerization and odor and flavor of molecules…

Chapter 4 - Discussion A standard curve of p-nitrophenol was drawn at the start of the project, before any enzyme assay of the fractions. The standard curve is set up so the equation of the line can be used to measure the enzyme activity in each sample fraction. P-nitrophenol shows a linear relationship with acid phosphatase. An Enzyme assay gives the activity levels of acid phosphatase in each fraction. The results from each fraction were placed into the equation of the line from the standard…

Mohamad Al Wazzan Farah Mohamed, Qusay Abdulhamid December 4 2016 December 9 2016 How do Substances react to cow liver? Research Question: How does Liver react when it’s submerged with different liquids ? Background Information: Enzymes are catalysts for chemical reactions in living things, they help the body speed up the rate of virtually all of the chemical reactions that take place within cells.They are very important, enzymes are biological catalysts. Enzymes don’t need a lot of energy…

Result and Discussions 3.1. Changes in catalytic pocket Instead of having the conventional catalytic triad residues (His665, His667 and Asp767) in it’s protease domain, Lon protease employs the Ser679 – Lys722 catalytic dyad to form a catalytic pocket for promoting proteolysis. But the mutations in catalytic dyad residues make some changes in the catalytic pocket of these three mutant types. A comparison of SASA values and RSA values [Supplementary file 1] were done among the catalytic…