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Introduction Over the past few years, there is a worldwide increasing tendency for the consumption of functional foods, including probiotics, prebiotics or both. Influenza epidemics cause numerous deaths and millions of hospitalization each year. Because of the alarming emergence of resistance to anti-influenza drugs, there is a need to identify new naturally occurring antiviral molecules. Punicaceae has been used for centuries in many cultures for the prevention and treatment of a wide…

restored significantly. Mangiferin regulates oxidative stress by (1) modulating Nrf2/antioxidant response element (ARE) detoxification pathway; (2) directly detoxifying reactive species such as ROS and RNS; (3) activating detoxification enzymes such as catalase. In addition, Mangiferin inhibits…

2.0 Introduction Consumption of foods and beverages that encourages a healthy living, better health and lowering the risk of sickness has become very popular among the consumer whom are health conscious. Hence, a lot more attention is paid to different food extracts such as green tea extracts, grape seed extracts and ginger extracts as they posed excellent antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-carcinogenic properties (Martin et al. 2009). These extracts have great potential in improving the…

Linum usitassimum is an annual herb belonging to the family Linaceae. The plant is indigenous to west Asia and the Mediterranean. Seed oil of this plant used commercially in the painting and varnishing due to its polymerization properties when exposed to the air and sun light. It is also used as an astringent in fungicidal lotion and an insecticide. Seed oil are reported to rich in essential fatty acids like omega-3- fatty acids (linolenic acid, 35-67%), omega-6- fatty acids (linoleic acid,…

Sara Parks Unknown Report Introduction One of the many reasons to study microbiology is to gain a better understanding of microorganisms and the huge part they play in the world. It is imperative to know the differences between microorganisms. This knowledge is useful in many cases; for instance, a patient with an unidentified infection could be administered effective treatment if one possessed the knowledge to correctly define the microorganism. Furthermore, the purpose of this unknown…

After the incubation period, the agar containing the antibiotic testing was taken out and if the microbe reacted with the antibiotic, a circle or clearing would appear around the disk containing the antibiotic. The diameter of this circle was then measured and compared with a table found on page 95 of the Microbiology Lab Manual to understand the antibiotics resistance, intermediate and sensitive levels, as they differ for each antibiotic. The numbers on the table in the Microbiology Lab…

1) Alcaligenes faecalis is a Gram-negative coccobacilli that is motile, oxidase positive, catalase positive, non-spore-forming, non-fermenting, slow growing, and citrate positive obligate aerobe (Mahon et al., 2014) (Sachdeva et al., 1963). Its colony morphology is flat, thin, and rough with irregular edging (Mahon et al., 2014) and the flagella varies between the usual shape versus the curly structure, however, both shapes do not exist on the same individual bacteria (Leifson, 1960). The…

 COMPOSITION OF MILK Milk is nearly complete natural food on the earth. It contains water, fat, protein, lactose and minerals as major constituents. The proportions of these constituents vary with species of the animal. For example, Mare’s milk contains only about 1.6% fat, while Reindeer’s milk contain 22.5% fat. Apart from this, the composition also varies with several other factors, viz., the breed of animal, the feeding pattern, season, lactation period, age of animal, environment, etc..…

Discussion: The isolate studied was tested for innate antibiotic function on the following media: AC, LB, and 10% TSA. The ESKAPE relative strain that presented a response to the isolate was B.subtilis. In all cases except for that of LB, the isolate showed antibiotic qualities towards B.subtilis by presenting a zone of clearance on AC and 10% TSA media. This behavior is shown in Figures 4, 5, and 6.In the case with LB, B.subtilis inhibited the growth of the isolate as depicted by the empty…

Chemical composition of wheat flour and lemon balm. Data represented in figer (1) indicate to the chemical composition of wheat flour and lemon balm as raw materials in the formula of g /1oo g of dry weight basis. The lemon balm contains (17.10g, 16.11g and 50.56g) of protein, fiber and carbohydrates respectively. While the wheat flour as raw material contains (11.86g, 0.69g, and 75.69g) of protein, fiber and carbohydrates respectively. Assay of polyphenolic compounds of lemon balm leaves. Figer…