Caspase

FPV is in the family Parvoviridae, which contains 26 species of virus that infect a broad host range, covering species from invertebrates to humans. Parvoviruses are small single stranded DNA viruses enveloped by a T=1 non-enveloped capsid protein. Replication of these viruses can only occur when the host cell is in S-phase of its mitotic cycle (15). FPV has a very small linear genome that is only 5 kilobases in length (4). The virus’s genome has specific sequences, similar to a TATA boxes, that…

Drosophila melanogaster. This can be done by proteolytic cleavage of essential proteins by Caspases, a group of aspartate-specific cysteine (Khammari, 2009). There are total 7 genes that code for Drosophila melanogaster. Caspases normally are inactivation mode by bounding to inhibitors of apoptosis (IAP). As soon as apoptotic stimuli are detected, IAPs will bind to its antagonists. This would allow Caspases to activate and bending to cleave proteins. Hid, together with Reaper and Grim, are the…

The longer I spend studying chemistry and biology, the more I find patterns and overlaps between the two disciplines. As I’ve matured in my studies, I have found the boundaries between the sciences to blur, which has led to my desire to do biochemistry. The course encompasses several science disciplines from biophysics and bioengineering to cellular biology and organic chemistry and looks at these from an analytical and quantitative standpoint. The diversity and interdisciplinary nature of…

From larva to a majestic winged monarch butterfly, the transformation a caterpillar undergoes in its quest to become a butterfly is truly unique. In such process a sixteen legged pest morphs into a beautiful butterfly. Though a beautiful sight, what a caterpillar actually goes through on this journey is quite gruesome. Many wonder how this 180 degree transformation is possible, but broken down it is much simpler to comprehend. Monarch butterflies lay their milky white eggs on milkweed, insuring…

2. Methods 2.1. Animals and procedures: 4-5 weeks old male Kunming mice weighing 19-21g were provided by Experimental Animal Centre of Kunming prior to treatment with LOS(10,20mg) or MET(20,40mg), the mice were either treated with vehicle (n=16) or ISO (n=80) for 2 weeks. The mice were fed food and had free access to tap water. The mice were maintained under stable room temperature and a regular 12h dark and light rhythm. Usage of experimental animal was in accordance with the compliance of the…

suggested that benzimidazoles to be very good cytotoxic agents against different types of cancer cell lines. 8 Recently bisbenzimidazole conjugates have been reported to target mitochondria in cancer cells and induce their antiproliferative activity by caspase 2,3 Most dependent apoptosis. 9 50…

2. Materials and methods 2.1. Chemicals Zingerone was obtained from Alfa Aesar, Heysham, UK. Cisplatin, Bradford reagent, trichloroacetic acid (TCA), thiobarbituric acid (TBA), reduced glutathione (GSH), glacial metaphosphoric acid (Gmpa), 5,5ˊ-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB), proteinase K and agarose were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co, MO, USA. All other chemicals and solvents used were of the highest purity grade available. 2.2. Animals Sixty Adult male albino rats (180-200g) were…

inflammasomes. The toll like receptors recognize bacterial and virus DNA and endotoxins and in response produce inflammatory mediators. The inflammasome recognizes microbial or dead cell products or components and elicits a cascade that activates caspase 1 leading to the activation of IL-1 beta and the inflammatory response. The chemical mediators like histamine induced vascular changes such as vasodilation to increase blood flow to the site of injury.…

signaling cascades in other necrotic death receptors such as Fas or Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 1 (TNFR1). TNFR1 is activated by the binding of a ligand, such as an initiator caspase, which leads to a conformational change of the receptor. RIP1 activates Nuclear Factor - kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB.) Caspase 8 can inhibit this pathway from occurring and leads to anti-necrosis or anti-apoptotic pathway. The NF-kB pathway can be activated by TNFR1 but it can also be…

1. Neurogenesis and memory 1.1. Neurogenesis in the hippocampus The hippocampus is a brain region that responsible for learning, memory and mood. One of the important reasons for memory and mood dysfunction is the dentate gyrus (DG) reduction [12, 13]. The subventricular zone (SVZ) and the subgranular zone (SGZ) of neural progenitor cells generated neurons and glia in adulthood and during adulthood [14]. Neurogenesis also have a role in mood regulation; the dorsal hippocampus is an…